Comprehensive SWMS for Routine Construction Site Cleaning Operations

General Cleaning Safe Work Method Statement

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General cleaning on construction sites encompasses routine maintenance cleaning activities essential for maintaining safe, compliant, and productive work environments throughout all construction phases. This work includes removal of construction dust and debris, cleaning of amenities and common areas, waste segregation and disposal, cleaning of work surfaces and equipment, and maintaining site presentation standards. Cleaning personnel face specific hazards including chemical exposure from cleaning agents, slips and trips on debris-covered surfaces, manual handling of waste materials, respiratory hazards from dust, and interaction with other construction activities. This SWMS provides comprehensive safety procedures for general construction cleaning in accordance with Australian WHS legislation, protecting cleaning workers whilst ensuring effective site maintenance.

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Overview

What this SWMS covers

General cleaning on construction sites maintains hygiene standards, workplace safety, and regulatory compliance throughout all project phases from site establishment through to practical completion. This work differs from final building cleans and specialised cleaning operations by focusing on ongoing maintenance cleaning that occurs daily or weekly throughout construction duration. Cleaning personnel work alongside other trades, requiring coordination and hazard awareness in active construction environments where conditions change continuously. The scope of general construction cleaning includes multiple activity areas. Amenity cleaning services site toilets, lunchrooms, and washing facilities maintaining hygiene standards required under WHS regulations. Common area cleaning maintains access routes, stairs, corridors, and site offices removing dust, dirt, and debris that accumulates from construction activities. Work area cleaning services active construction zones including sweeping floors, removing packaging materials, cleaning work benches, and maintaining equipment storage areas. Waste management segregates materials for recycling, general waste, and contaminated waste disposal according to environmental regulations and site waste management plans. Construction dust control represents a significant component of general cleaning activities. Cutting, grinding, drilling, and demolition operations generate substantial dust containing silica, cement particles, and other respirable particulates. Cleaning personnel use vacuum equipment with HEPA filtration, wet sweeping methods, and dust suppression techniques to remove accumulated dust without creating airborne hazards. This work occurs in partially enclosed spaces where dust concentrations can be high, requiring appropriate respiratory protection and dust control methods. Chemical use in construction cleaning requires specific consideration. Cleaning personnel use detergents, degreasers, disinfectants, and specialised cleaning products to remove construction residues, oils, and biological contamination. Toilets and amenities require disinfection with products containing biocides. Some construction residues including concrete, epoxy, and adhesive require alkaline or solvent-based cleaners. Safety Data Sheets must be available and understood for all cleaning chemicals used. Adequate ventilation, appropriate PPE, and proper dilution procedures prevent adverse health effects from chemical exposure. Timing and coordination of cleaning activities affects both cleaning personnel safety and overall site operations. Cleaning often occurs during active construction, requiring awareness of overhead work, mobile plant movements, and material deliveries. Some cleaning activities occur outside standard hours including night shifts or weekend work when other trades are not present. This changes hazard profiles with reduced lighting, limited supervision, and single-person operation considerations. Pre-arranged communication protocols and site access procedures ensure cleaning personnel can operate safely whilst other site activities continue around them.

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Why this SWMS matters

Construction site cleaning, though seemingly routine, presents significant hazards that cause preventable injuries when safety procedures are not properly implemented. Slips, trips, and falls during cleaning operations account for a substantial proportion of construction cleaning injuries in Australia. Wet floors from mopping, debris-covered surfaces, and inadequate lighting during early morning or evening cleaning shifts create falling hazards. Workers carrying cleaning supplies or waste have impaired visibility and reduced ability to respond to slip events. These incidents result in fractures, sprains, and soft tissue injuries requiring time off work and potentially causing long-term disability. Respiratory hazards from construction dust exposure affect cleaning personnel who may spend entire shifts in dust-laden environments without the same protective focus given to workers creating the dust. Silica exposure from cleaning activities that disturb settled construction dust creates chronic lung disease risks including silicosis. Dry sweeping or use of compressed air to remove dust creates airborne concentrations far exceeding safe exposure limits. Many cleaning workers do not receive adequate respiratory protection or training in dust hazard recognition, leading to cumulative exposure that manifests as disabling lung disease years after the exposure occurred. Chemical exposure injuries in construction cleaning result from inadequate labelling, improper dilution, lack of ventilation, and insufficient PPE. Concentrated cleaning chemicals including drain cleaners, oven cleaners, and heavy-duty degreasers cause chemical burns when splashed on skin or in eyes. Mixing incompatible cleaning chemicals, particularly combining chlorine bleach with acids or ammonia-based products, generates toxic chlorine gas causing severe respiratory damage. Cleaning personnel in confined spaces including toilets, shower blocks, and plant rooms face higher exposure risks due to poor ventilation and accumulated vapour concentrations. Manual handling injuries affect cleaning workers who repeatedly lift waste bags, move equipment, and carry cleaning supplies throughout their shifts. Poor lifting technique when handling commercial waste bins, overloaded waste bags, and awkward access to disposal points cause lower back strains and shoulder injuries. Cleaning carts and equipment may be pushed or pulled across uneven construction site surfaces requiring excessive force. Repetitive movements including mopping, scrubbing, and vacuuming cause cumulative trauma disorders affecting shoulders, wrists, and backs. These musculoskeletal injuries often result in chronic pain conditions requiring ongoing management. Lone working risks in construction cleaning operations create significant hazards when cleaning personnel work alone during night shifts or in isolated areas of large sites. Medical emergencies, injuries, or sudden illness may not be discovered for extended periods when workers have no direct supervision or regular check-ins. Security concerns in publicly accessible construction sites create additional risks for lone cleaners. WHS regulations require lone worker controls including regular check-in procedures, emergency communication devices, and risk assessments considering working alone hazards. Proper SWMS implementation ensures cleaning personnel have appropriate support and communication regardless of shift timing or work locations.

Reinforce licensing, insurance, and regulator expectations for General Cleaning Safe Work Method Statement crews before they mobilise.

Hazard identification

Surface the critical risks tied to this work scope and communicate them to every worker.

Risk register

Slips, Trips, and Falls on Wet and Debris-Covered Surfaces

High

Construction sites present numerous slip, trip, and fall hazards for cleaning personnel including wet floors from mopping operations, accumulated construction debris on floors and stairs, uneven surfaces, protruding objects, poor lighting in early morning or evening shifts, and material storage obstructing walkways. Cleaners carrying supplies or pushing carts have reduced visibility of foot placement. Newly cleaned wet surfaces without warning signs create hazards for both cleaners and other site workers. Stairs represent particular hazards when cleaning occurs on wet treads or when debris accumulates on landings.

Consequence: Fractures from falls on hard surfaces, head injuries from impact with structures or equipment, soft tissue injuries including sprains and strains, lacerations from contact with sharp debris during falls, and potential fatal injuries from falls down stairs or from elevated work platforms.

Respirable Dust Exposure During Cleaning Operations

High

Construction dust containing crystalline silica, cement particles, timber dust, metal particles, and other respirable particulates accumulates throughout active construction sites. Cleaning activities that disturb settled dust including dry sweeping, compressed air use, or inadequate vacuum filtration create high airborne dust concentrations exposing cleaning workers. Silica exposure occurs when cleaning areas where cutting, grinding, or drilling of concrete, masonry, or engineered stone has occurred. Prolonged exposure over weeks, months, or years causes progressive lung damage despite absence of immediate symptoms.

Consequence: Silicosis developing from crystalline silica exposure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, respiratory infections, and progressive breathlessness requiring oxygen therapy. Silicosis has no cure and continues progressing even after exposure ceases, often resulting in severe disability or death.

Chemical Exposure from Cleaning Products

Medium

Construction cleaning requires various chemical products including alkaline cleaners for concrete residue, acidic cleaners for grout and efflorescence, disinfectants for amenities, degreasers for equipment, and specialised products for removing adhesives or sealants. Concentrated chemicals cause chemical burns if splashed on skin or in eyes. Vapours from cleaning products in poorly ventilated spaces cause respiratory irritation and headaches. Mixing incompatible chemicals, particularly chlorine bleach with acids or ammonia products, generates toxic gases including chlorine gas causing severe respiratory damage. Skin contact with cleaning chemicals causes dermatitis and chemical sensitisation.

Consequence: Chemical burns requiring medical treatment, acute respiratory distress from toxic gas inhalation, chemical conjunctivitis and potential permanent eye damage, skin sensitisation leading to chronic allergic contact dermatitis, and acute poisoning from concentrated chemical ingestion if chemicals are not properly labelled.

Manual Handling of Waste Containers and Cleaning Equipment

Medium

Cleaning personnel repeatedly lift and carry waste bags, move commercial waste bins, push cleaning carts across uneven surfaces, lift mop buckets containing 10-15 litres of water, and manoeuvre vacuum equipment. Overloaded waste bags substantially exceed recommended manual handling weights. Commercial waste bins on rough construction surfaces require excessive pushing and pulling forces. Bent-over postures during mopping, floor scrubbing, and low-level cleaning load the lower back and shoulders. Repetitive movements throughout shift duration cause cumulative trauma. Access difficulties including stairs, ramps, and rough ground compound manual handling demands.

Consequence: Lower back strain and disc injuries, shoulder rotator cuff injuries from overhead reaching and repetitive movements, knee damage from kneeling and squatting, soft tissue injuries in hands and wrists from gripping heavy loads, hernia development from heavy lifting, and chronic musculoskeletal disorders from cumulative exposure.

Contact with Contaminated Waste and Biological Hazards

Medium

Construction site waste includes biological contaminants such as used food containers, beverage bottles containing residual liquids attracting vermin, discarded PPE potentially contaminated with construction chemicals, and human waste in amenities. Sharps including nails, screws, staples, and broken glass mixed in general waste bags puncture skin during handling. Cleaning toilet facilities exposes workers to faecal matter and bodily fluids. Vermin droppings in storage areas and lunchrooms create disease transmission risks. Workers may not recognise biological contamination amongst general construction waste.

Consequence: Puncture wounds from sharps with infection risk, disease transmission from faecal-oral contamination including gastroenteritis and hepatitis A, leptospirosis from contact with rodent urine, tetanus from puncture wounds, and blood-borne pathogen exposure if sharps are contaminated with blood.

Interaction with Active Construction Activities and Mobile Plant

Medium

Cleaning occurs concurrent with other construction activities exposing cleaning personnel to hazards from overhead work, mobile plant movements, material deliveries, and other trades' operations. Workers focused on cleaning tasks may not notice approaching mobile equipment or overhead hazards. High-visibility clothing may not be worn if cleaning is considered low-risk activity. Communication difficulties in noisy construction environments prevent warnings being heard. Cleaning in active work zones creates congestion and reduces space for other operations. Mobile plant operators may not expect cleaning personnel in areas typically used for equipment movements.

Consequence: Fatal injuries from contact with mobile plant including excavators, forklifts, and delivery vehicles, head injuries from falling objects during overhead work, crushing injuries between vehicles and structures, and impact injuries from swinging loads or moving equipment.

Working Alone During Night Shifts or in Isolated Areas

Medium

Construction cleaning often occurs outside standard hours including early morning, evening, or night shifts when other site personnel are absent. Workers cleaning isolated areas of large sites including remote floors, plant rooms, or external areas work without direct supervision or ready assistance. Medical emergencies, injuries, or sudden illness may not be discovered for extended periods. Emergency situations including fire, security incidents, or structural emergencies occur without immediate support available. Communication difficulties arise in areas without mobile phone coverage. Security concerns in publicly accessible sites create additional risks for lone workers.

Consequence: Delayed emergency response to injuries or medical events allowing preventable deterioration, hypothermia or heat stroke in weather extremes without assistance, security incidents including assault or robbery, inability to evacuate during emergencies without assistance, and psychological stress from working alone in isolated or potentially unsafe environments.

Inadequate Lighting in Low-Light Conditions

Low

Cleaning during early morning, evening, or night shifts occurs before natural light is available or after sunset. Temporary construction site lighting may be inadequate for detailed cleaning work. Some areas including stairwells, plant rooms, and amenities have insufficient artificial lighting. Workers moving between well-lit and poorly-lit areas experience temporary vision impairment during adaptation periods. Shadows from temporary lighting obscure trip hazards and floor-level hazards. Cleaning equipment including vacuum cords create trip hazards that are difficult to see in poor lighting.

Consequence: Increased likelihood of slips, trips, and falls due to reduced hazard visibility, contact with structures or objects not clearly visible in low light, incorrect chemical handling from inability to read labels, and difficulty identifying contaminated waste or biological hazards requiring enhanced precautions.

Control measures

Deploy layered controls aligned to the hierarchy of hazard management.

Implementation guide

HEPA Vacuum Systems and Wet Cleaning Methods for Dust Control

Engineering Control

Eliminate airborne dust exposure by mandating use of vacuum equipment fitted with HEPA filters capturing 99.95% of particles down to 0.3 microns including respirable crystalline silica. Implement wet sweeping methods using damp mops or water mist suppression before sweeping to prevent dust becoming airborne. Prohibit dry sweeping and compressed air use for dust removal. Provide industrial vacuum cleaners with appropriate filtration specifically for construction dust applications. Establish vacuum maintenance programme including filter inspection and replacement before filter saturation reduces effectiveness.

Implementation

1. Provide commercial-grade vacuum cleaners with certified HEPA filtration for all construction dust cleaning 2. Verify HEPA filter rating of 99.95% capture efficiency for 0.3 micron particles - check manufacturer certification 3. Train cleaners in correct vacuum technique including slow, overlapping passes allowing sufficient time for dust pickup 4. Implement wet mopping for floor cleaning - lightly dampen surfaces before sweeping to prevent dust dispersion 5. Use pump spray bottles to apply water mist to heavily dust-laden surfaces before vacuuming 6. Prohibit dry sweeping methods - post signs in cleaning storage areas reinforcing wet cleaning requirement 7. Establish vacuum maintenance schedule including weekly filter inspection and replacement when resistance increases 8. Empty vacuum debris into sealed bags and dispose as construction waste - never empty by inverting and shaking 9. Provide backup vacuum equipment ensuring cleaning can continue if primary unit requires service

Safety Data Sheet System and Chemical Labelling Requirements

Administrative Control

Establish comprehensive chemical management system requiring Safety Data Sheets for all cleaning products maintained in accessible location. Mandate that all cleaning chemicals are properly labelled including product name, hazard symbols, and first aid instructions. Prohibit decanting chemicals into unlabelled containers. Provide chemical-specific training for cleaning personnel including hazard identification, safe handling procedures, required PPE, first aid response, and spill management. Implement pre-mixed cleaning solution provision where possible eliminating concentrated chemical handling. Establish chemical compatibility matrix preventing dangerous mixtures.

Implementation

1. Maintain Safety Data Sheet file in cleaning storage area with SDS for every cleaning product on site 2. Provide laminated quick-reference cards summarising key hazards and controls for frequently used chemicals 3. Verify all cleaning product containers display original manufacturer labels - reject or relabel any unlabelled products 4. Prohibit transfer of cleaning chemicals into drink bottles or other containers that may be mistaken for food/beverage 5. Establish colour-coded labelling system for different cleaning product types to prevent mixing incompatible chemicals 6. Train all cleaning personnel in SDS interpretation, hazard symbol recognition, and product-specific safety requirements 7. Provide pre-diluted cleaning solutions where possible - if concentrated chemicals required, provide measuring equipment 8. Post warning signs in cleaning areas: 'NEVER MIX CHLORINE BLEACH WITH ACIDS OR AMMONIA PRODUCTS' 9. Establish spill response supplies including absorbent materials and PPE specific to chemicals in use 10. Review chemical inventory quarterly and eliminate products with unacceptable hazard profiles where safer alternatives exist

Mechanical Aids for Waste Handling and Equipment Movement

Engineering Control

Provide mechanical aids including wheeled waste bins, commercial cleaning carts, vacuum cleaners with wheels and extended handles, and pump-action mop buckets with wringers eliminating manual lifting. Use commercial waste bins with wheels appropriate for construction site surfaces rather than requiring manual carrying of waste bags. Provide height-adjustable equipment allowing workers to maintain neutral postures during cleaning operations. Establish waste collection points minimising distances for carrying or moving waste containers.

Implementation

1. Provide commercial cleaning carts with multiple compartments for supplies, waste, and equipment with large wheels suitable for rough surfaces 2. Supply wheeled commercial waste bins for general waste and recycling - size bins to allow emptying without manual lifting 3. Use vacuum cleaners with telescopic handles allowing adjustment to worker height and wheeled bases for easy movement 4. Provide pump-action mop buckets with integrated wringers eliminating need to manually lift and squeeze mops 5. Establish waste collection points at maximum 50-metre intervals reducing distance for moving loaded waste bins 6. Use trolleys or hand trucks for transporting heavy cleaning supplies and bulk chemical containers 7. Limit waste bag fill levels to maximum 15kg - provide scales in waste collection areas for verification 8. Position cleaning storage near areas of highest cleaning demand minimising equipment transport distances 9. Ensure all wheeled equipment maintained with functioning wheels, handles, and moving parts reducing push/pull forces

Respiratory Protection Programme for Dust Exposure

Personal Protective Equipment

Implement comprehensive respiratory protection programme providing appropriate respirators for cleaning activities that disturb construction dust. Conduct workplace air monitoring to characterise dust hazards and establish when respiratory protection is required. Provide P2 or P3 respirators when cleaning areas with visible dust accumulation or areas where cutting, grinding, or drilling of silica-containing materials has occurred. Conduct fit testing ensuring effective seal between respirator and worker's face. Establish clean and dirty storage preventing respirator contamination. Train workers in proper donning, seal checking, filter replacement, and respirator maintenance.

Implementation

1. Conduct dust exposure assessment identifying areas with silica dust from concrete, masonry, or engineered stone work 2. Provide P2 respirators for cleaning areas with moderate dust accumulation; P3 respirators for heavy dust or confirmed silica exposure 3. Conduct quantitative fit testing for all cleaning personnel wearing P2/P3 respirators verifying effective seal 4. Train workers in proper respirator donning sequence and seal check procedure before each use 5. Establish clean respirator storage in cleaning area; store used respirators in sealed bags preventing contamination spread 6. Implement filter replacement schedule based on manufacturer guidance and visible contamination - typically weekly for heavy dust exposure 7. Prohibit facial hair that interferes with respirator seal - alternative respiratory protection required if facial hair cannot be removed 8. Provide multiple respirator models ensuring appropriate fit for different facial structures 9. Include respirator inspection in pre-start equipment checks - straps, valves, filters, and seal surfaces must be intact 10. Maintain respirator fit test records and replace respirators if workers experience significant weight change affecting facial structure

Spill Control and Wet Floor Warning System

Administrative Control

Establish immediate spill control procedures requiring prompt cleanup of any liquid spills during cleaning operations. Mandate wet floor warning sign placement whenever mopping or wet cleaning occurs. Implement cleaning sequence starting from furthest point and working toward exits allowing cleaned areas to dry before workers traverse them. Use fast-drying cleaning methods including microfibre mopping systems using minimal water. Establish adequate ventilation accelerating floor drying.

Implementation

1. Provide adequate wet floor warning signs (minimum 4 signs) allowing placement at all access points to wet areas 2. Position wet floor signs before commencing mopping operations - signs must remain until floor is completely dry 3. Implement cleaning sequence beginning at furthest point from exit working backwards allowing dried area for egress 4. Use microfibre flat mop systems requiring minimal water application rather than traditional string mops that oversaturate floors 5. Wring mops thoroughly before floor contact removing excess water that delays drying 6. Open doors and windows or deploy air movers accelerating floor drying in enclosed areas 7. Clean high-traffic stairs and corridors during periods of minimal use - coordinate with site management 8. Establish spill response protocol: immediately place warning signs, contain spill with absorbent materials, clean thoroughly, dry area completely 9. Clean separate sections of large areas allowing partial access while other sections remain wet 10. Inspect cleaned areas before removing wet floor signs - surface must be completely dry and safe for unrestricted access

Biological Contamination PPE and Hygiene Protocol

Personal Protective Equipment

Provide appropriate PPE for handling waste and cleaning amenities including nitrile or latex gloves, safety glasses, and impermeable aprons when cleaning toilets or handling waste. Establish hand hygiene protocol requiring handwashing with soap after glove removal and before eating, drinking, or smoking. Provide alcohol-based hand sanitiser where handwashing facilities are not immediately accessible. Verify tetanus vaccination currency for all cleaning personnel. Establish separate storage for cleaning supplies used in contaminated areas preventing cross-contamination.

Implementation

1. Issue nitrile or latex gloves for all cleaning activities - heavy-duty gloves for waste handling and general cleaning 2. Provide safety glasses with side shields for toilet cleaning and chemical handling preventing splash contamination 3. Issue impermeable aprons for toilet cleaning and handling waste bags that may leak or tear 4. Establish hand hygiene stations with soap, water, and paper towels adjacent to cleaning storage areas 5. Provide alcohol-based hand sanitiser (minimum 60% alcohol content) for use when handwashing unavailable 6. Require handwashing after removing gloves and before eating, drinking, smoking, or leaving work site 7. Verify tetanus vaccination currency for all cleaners - arrange vaccination for unprotected workers within 1 week of commencement 8. Use colour-coded equipment: red-coded equipment for toilets only, green for general areas, blue for food preparation areas 9. Store toilet cleaning equipment separately from general cleaning supplies preventing cross-contamination 10. Establish prohibition on eating, drinking, or smoking whilst wearing contaminated gloves or before hand hygiene completion

Lone Worker Communication and Check-in Protocol

Administrative Control

Establish comprehensive lone worker management system for cleaning personnel working outside standard hours or in isolated areas. Implement regular check-in procedure requiring contact with supervisor at defined intervals. Provide mobile phones or two-way radios enabling emergency communication. Conduct pre-shift briefing identifying work areas, expected completion time, and specific hazards. Establish emergency response protocol if worker fails to check in at scheduled time. Provide duress alarm system for workers in publicly accessible sites with security concerns.

Implementation

1. Schedule cleaning work requiring lone workers to occur during times when other site personnel present where possible 2. Conduct pre-shift briefing documenting worker name, mobile contact, work areas, start time, expected finish time, and identified hazards 3. Establish 30-minute check-in requirement for lone workers - worker must contact supervisor every 30 minutes via phone call or SMS 4. Provide charged mobile phones to all lone workers - verify phone coverage in work areas during day shift 5. If mobile coverage inadequate, provide two-way radios with base unit monitored by supervisor 6. Establish graduated response protocol: check-in missed - immediate phone call; no response - attend site for welfare check 7. Provide personal duress alarms to lone workers in publicly accessible sites - train in activation procedure 8. Prohibit lone worker cleaning in high-risk areas including rooftops, confined spaces, or isolated areas without mobile coverage 9. Schedule tasks requiring work at heights, chemical handling, or other high-risk activities during shifts when multiple workers present 10. Document all lone worker check-ins in supervisor log - investigate any missed check-ins and implement corrective actions

Download complete control procedures

Personal protective equipment

Respirator - P2 or P3 Class

Requirement: P2 minimum for moderate dust, P3 for heavy dust or confirmed silica exposure, fit tested per AS/NZS 1715

When: When cleaning areas with visible dust accumulation, areas where cutting or grinding of concrete or masonry has occurred, or during removal of heavy dust deposits

Safety Glasses with Side Shields

Requirement: Medium impact rated per AS/NZS 1337

When: During chemical handling and mixing, toilet cleaning, waste handling, and any cleaning activity with splash or projectile risks

Chemical Resistant Gloves

Requirement: Nitrile or latex construction per AS/NZS 2161, heavy-duty for waste handling

When: Throughout all cleaning activities including chemical handling, surface cleaning, waste management, and amenity servicing

Safety Boots with Slip-Resistant Soles

Requirement: Steel toecap rated to 200 joules per AS/NZS 2210.3, slip-resistant sole

When: Throughout all construction site cleaning activities to protect against impact from dropped objects and slips on wet surfaces

High-Visibility Vest or Clothing

Requirement: Class D day/night per AS/NZS 1906.4 or AS/NZS 4602.1

When: When cleaning in active construction areas with mobile plant operations, material deliveries, or other vehicle movements

Impermeable Apron

Requirement: Waterproof construction covering torso

When: During toilet cleaning, handling waste bags that may leak, and chemical handling activities with high splash risk

Inspections & checks

Before work starts

  • ✓Verify adequate supply of appropriate PPE including respirators, gloves, safety glasses, and cleaning supplies before commencing work
  • ✓Inspect vacuum cleaner HEPA filtration system for proper installation and filter condition - replace if saturated or damaged
  • ✓Check cleaning chemical labels are present and legible on all containers - obtain SDS for any unfamiliar products
  • ✓Assess work area lighting adequacy for safe cleaning operations - arrange additional lighting if natural or artificial light insufficient
  • ✓Identify active construction activities in areas scheduled for cleaning - coordinate with trades to avoid conflicts
  • ✓Verify mobile plant operators aware of cleaning activities occurring in areas where equipment movements may occur
  • ✓Check waste bins are empty and in serviceable condition with functioning wheels and intact handles before commencing collection
  • ✓Confirm wet floor warning signs are available in adequate quantity for all areas requiring mopping or wet cleaning
  • ✓Review lone worker procedures if cleaning outside standard hours - verify communication system and check-in schedule
  • ✓Assess weather conditions if cleaning includes external areas - wet or icy conditions create additional slip hazards

During work

  • ✓Monitor respiratory protection effectiveness - if dust odours detected through respirator, cease work and check respirator seal
  • ✓Verify wet floor warning signs remain in position throughout mopping operations - reposition if moved by other site workers
  • ✓Check waste bag fill levels do not exceed 15kg maximum manual handling limit - provide scales if weight uncertain
  • ✓Monitor ventilation adequacy when using cleaning chemicals in enclosed spaces - if vapour odours are strong, increase ventilation
  • ✓Assess cleaning equipment serviceability throughout shift - vacuum suction, mop condition, cart wheels, and PPE integrity
  • ✓Verify lone workers conducting regular check-ins at scheduled intervals if working outside standard hours or in isolated areas
  • ✓Monitor fatigue levels during extended shifts - implement scheduled breaks and task rotation if signs of fatigue evident
  • ✓Check lighting adequacy as natural light changes during early morning or evening shifts - deploy additional lighting if required
  • ✓Verify high-visibility clothing remains visible and properly fitted if working in areas with active mobile plant operations
  • ✓Monitor hand hygiene compliance - ensure workers washing hands after glove removal and before breaks

After work

  • ✓Inspect all work areas to verify cleaning completed to required standard and all waste removed to designated collection points
  • ✓Check all wet floor warning signs removed after surfaces completely dry - leaving signs in place when floors dry creates false perception
  • ✓Empty and rinse vacuum cleaner debris collection preventing odours and verifying HEPA filter not breached during use
  • ✓Clean and store all mop heads, cleaning cloths, and reusable equipment - hang mops to dry preventing bacterial growth
  • ✓Dispose of used gloves and any contaminated disposable PPE in appropriate waste bins - never reuse single-use gloves
  • ✓Return cleaning chemicals to designated storage with lids secured - verify all containers properly labelled before storage
  • ✓Complete lone worker check-in if cleaning occurred outside standard hours - notify supervisor of completion and any issues encountered
  • ✓Document any equipment maintenance requirements including vacuum repairs, mop replacements, or damaged cart wheels
  • ✓Record any chemical or waste spills that occurred during shift with response actions taken and any areas requiring follow-up
  • ✓Report any near-misses, hazards identified, or safety concerns in daily log including contributing factors and recommended controls
  • ✓Complete hand hygiene and remove any remaining PPE before leaving site or entering clean areas including vehicles

Step-by-step work procedure

Give supervisors and crews a clear, auditable sequence for the task.

Field ready
1

Pre-Shift Planning and Equipment Preparation

Review daily cleaning schedule identifying areas to be cleaned, specific requirements, and coordination needs with other trades. Collect required cleaning chemicals and verify Safety Data Sheets are available for all products to be used. Inspect vacuum cleaner including HEPA filter condition, hose connections, and power lead integrity. Ensure vacuum has adequate bags or debris collection capacity for anticipated work. Verify mops and cleaning cloths are clean and in serviceable condition. Check waste bins are empty and have functioning wheels. Collect adequate supply of waste bags in appropriate sizes for work areas. Verify wet floor warning signs are available. If working outside standard hours, confirm supervisor contact details and check-in schedule. Don appropriate PPE including safety boots, gloves, and high-visibility clothing if working in active construction areas. Load cleaning cart with supplies ensuring even weight distribution and securing items to prevent spills during movement.

Safety considerations

Verify all cleaning chemical containers are properly labelled before loading onto cart. Never use chemicals from unlabelled containers. Check vacuum power lead for damage - exposed conductors create electrocution risk. Ensure cart loading does not exceed safe manual handling capacity. Verify respirator fit if cleaning areas with visible dust accumulation. Confirm mobile phone charged and coverage available if lone working.

2

Work Area Assessment and Hazard Identification

Before commencing cleaning in each area, conduct brief hazard assessment. Identify any overhead work creating falling object risks and establish exclusion zones if necessary. Note mobile plant movements and communicate with operators if they are working nearby. Assess lighting adequacy - deploy additional lighting if natural or existing artificial light is insufficient. Identify slip and trip hazards that should be cleared before wet cleaning operations. Check for chemical spills or contamination requiring specialised cleanup. Verify adequate ventilation exists for chemical use - open doors and windows if possible. Note any confined spaces or areas with limited access requiring specific controls. Identify locations for waste collection during cleaning minimising carrying distances. Check floor surfaces for existing wet or slippery conditions. Coordinate with any trades working in area to ensure cleaning operations will not interfere with their work and they are aware of wet floor hazards that will be created.

Safety considerations

Never commence cleaning directly below overhead work without confirming no falling object risk exists. Mobile plant has large blind spots - make eye contact with operators before entering their work area. Inadequate lighting increases all other hazard risks - always ensure sufficient illumination before proceeding. Identify escape routes in event of emergency including fires or structural events. Chemical use in poorly ventilated confined spaces creates toxic atmosphere risk - provide forced ventilation if natural ventilation inadequate.

3

Dust Removal Using HEPA Vacuum Equipment

Begin cleaning operations with dust removal before any wet cleaning to prevent mud formation. Don P2 or P3 respirator if visible dust present or area is known silica dust location. Verify HEPA filter is properly installed and vacuum is functioning correctly. For heavy dust deposits, lightly mist surface with pump spray water bottle to suppress dust before vacuuming. Use vacuum with slow, overlapping passes allowing sufficient dwell time for dust pickup. Pay particular attention to corners, edges, and areas behind equipment where dust accumulates. Empty vacuum debris collection into sealed waste bag before it becomes full - overfilling reduces suction effectiveness. For areas with extensive dust accumulation, use wet mop to dampen surfaces before vacuuming. Never use dry sweeping methods or compressed air for dust removal. If dust is visible in air during vacuuming, check vacuum seal and HEPA filter integrity immediately. Continue until all visible dust removed from floor and horizontal surfaces including window sills, benches, and equipment.

Safety considerations

Always wear appropriate respiratory protection when cleaning areas with visible dust accumulation. Dry sweeping construction dust containing crystalline silica creates dangerous airborne exposure. Overfilling vacuum bags or containers reduces filtration effectiveness potentially allowing dust through HEPA filter. If vacuum loses suction, cease work and check for blockages - never bypass HEPA filtration. Empty vacuum debris outdoors in well-ventilated area whilst wearing respirator to avoid exposure during emptying operation.

4

Surface Cleaning with Appropriate Chemical Solutions

Prepare cleaning chemical solutions according to manufacturer instructions - use measuring equipment for accurate dilution. Never exceed recommended concentration as this increases hazard without improving effectiveness. Use separate colour-coded buckets and mops for different areas: green for general areas, red for toilets, blue for food preparation spaces. Don chemical-resistant gloves and safety glasses before handling cleaning chemicals. Apply cleaning solution to surfaces using microfibre cloth or mop. For vertical surfaces including walls and partitions, work from top to bottom preventing clean surfaces being re-contaminated by solution running down. For horizontal surfaces including countertops and benches, apply solution, allow appropriate dwell time specified by manufacturer for disinfection, then wipe or rinse with clean water. Pay particular attention to high-touch surfaces including door handles, light switches, and handrails. Change cleaning solution when visibly dirty or after cleaning specified number of areas to prevent cross-contamination. Rinse cleaning cloths and mop heads frequently in clean water bucket to remove accumulated soil.

Safety considerations

Always wear gloves and eye protection when handling cleaning chemicals. Read Safety Data Sheet before using unfamiliar products. Never mix different cleaning products unless specifically approved by manufacturer - combination may produce toxic gases. Ensure adequate ventilation particularly when using strong-smelling chemicals in enclosed spaces. Position yourself to avoid breathing vapours directly - stand upwind or to side of application area. Never eat, drink, or smoke whilst handling chemicals or wearing contaminated gloves.

5

Wet Floor Warning and Mopping Operations

Before commencing any wet mopping, position wet floor warning signs at all access points to area to be cleaned. Signs must be clearly visible from all approach directions. Plan mopping sequence to work from furthest point toward exit allowing cleaned area to dry before workers need to traverse it. Use microfibre flat mop system with minimal water application rather than traditional string mops that oversaturate floors. Wring mop thoroughly before floor contact - excess water creates slip hazards and delays drying. Use overlapping S-pattern strokes covering entire floor area systematically. Rinse mop frequently in clean water bucket removing soil that would otherwise be redistributed. After mopping complete section, deploy air mover or open doors and windows to accelerate drying. Monitor cleaned areas and prevent access until floor is completely dry. For stairs, mop one side only allowing continued access on dry side, or close stairs completely until both sides dry if traffic can be diverted. Change mop water when visibly dirty or floor is not cleaning effectively. Final rinse with clean water removes chemical residues preventing slip hazards from product buildup.

Safety considerations

Wet floor warning signs must remain in position until floor is completely dry - premature removal creates serious slip hazard. Excessive water application creates hydroplaning effect increasing slip risk and delays drying. Clean stairs during periods of minimal use if possible - coordination with site management may be necessary. Test floor dryness by walking carefully with normal footwear - if any moisture detected, continue drying before removing signs. Be aware wet floors are extremely slippery during mopping operation - move carefully and wear slip-resistant footwear.

6

Toilet and Amenity Cleaning with Disinfection

Don appropriate PPE for toilet cleaning including heavy-duty gloves, safety glasses, and impermeable apron. Use only red-coded toilet cleaning equipment maintaining separation from general cleaning tools. Open doors and windows to maximize natural ventilation before applying chemical products. Apply toilet cleaner to bowl interior allowing appropriate dwell time for disinfection action - typically 10 minutes. Clean all surfaces systematically working from cleanest to most contaminated: mirrors and walls first, then basins and fixtures, then toilet seats and exterior, finally toilet bowl interior. Use disposable paper towels for drying surfaces where possible rather than reusable cloths that may harbour bacteria. Empty waste bins into waste bags - do not manually compress waste to increase capacity as this may expose hands to sharps or contamination. Replenish soap dispensers, paper towel dispensers, and toilet paper. Mop floor using disinfectant solution appropriate for floor surface. Dispose of paper towels and empty chemical containers in designated waste. Remove PPE in correct sequence, wash hands thoroughly with soap and water before proceeding to clean other areas.

Safety considerations

Toilet cleaning chemicals including bowl cleaners typically contain strong acids or alkalis - wear eye protection and gloves throughout operation. Never mix toilet bowl cleaner with any other products particularly bleach-based products - chemical reaction produces toxic chlorine gas. Ensure adequate ventilation during chemical application - toxic vapour buildup in poorly ventilated toilet facilities causes respiratory irritation and headaches. Sharps including needles may be present in waste - never compress waste bags manually. Wash hands thoroughly after toilet cleaning before proceeding to any other activities.

7

Waste Segregation and Disposal

Collect waste from all areas systematically following planned route. Segregate waste into streams as per site waste management plan: general waste, recycling (paper/cardboard, plastics, metals), and contaminated waste. Use separate bags or bins for each waste stream with clear labelling preventing mixing. When waste bags reach approximately two-thirds full or estimated 15kg weight, seal bags and start new bag - do not overfill creating manual handling risk. Replace bin liners in all waste bins that were emptied. Transport filled waste bags to designated waste collection points using wheeled bins or trolleys where possible. If manual carrying required, lift bags close to body using leg muscles, not back. Keep load compact and balanced. For distances exceeding 10 metres, use trolley or make multiple trips rather than carrying excessive loads. At waste collection area, place bags in appropriate skips or bins according to waste stream. Never throw waste bags from height into skips creating risk of bag burst or injury from unseen sharps. Secure all skip lids preventing weather exposure and pest access. Document waste quantities if required for site waste tracking.

Safety considerations

Never overfill waste bags beyond 15kg - this creates serious manual handling injury risk during lifting and carrying. Assume all general waste may contain sharps including nails, screws, staples, and broken glass - never compress bags manually. Use proper lifting technique keeping load close to body and lifting with legs. Take multiple trips rather than carrying overloaded or multiple waste bags. Watch for bag tears that may expose hands to sharps or contaminated material. Remove gloves and wash hands after completing waste handling before touching clean surfaces or eating.

8

Equipment Cleaning and Storage

After completing cleaning activities, thoroughly clean all equipment before storage. Empty vacuum cleaner debris collection into sealed waste bag whilst wearing respirator if dust was vacuumed. Inspect vacuum HEPA filter - if heavily contaminated or damaged, replace filter and dispose of used filter as contaminated waste. Clean vacuum exterior, hose, and floor tool removing accumulated soil and construction residue. Rinse mop heads thoroughly in clean water removing all cleaning chemical and soil. Hang mops vertically allowing complete drying before next use - storing wet mops in closed spaces encourages bacterial and mould growth. Clean bucket interiors and exteriors. Wash microfibre cloths using hot water and detergent - allow to dry before reuse. Clean spray bottles, scrub brushes, and other tools. Wipe down cleaning cart removing spills and construction dust. Return cleaning chemicals to designated storage area ensuring all caps are secured and containers properly labelled. Check chemical inventory and note any products requiring reordering. Store equipment in clean, dry area separate from food storage. Complete equipment maintenance log noting any items requiring repair or replacement.

Safety considerations

Wear respirator when emptying vacuum debris collection containing construction dust. Dispose of used HEPA filters as contaminated waste - never attempt to clean and reuse disposable filters. Inadequate equipment cleaning creates biological contamination risk - thoroughly clean and dry mops and cloths between uses. Store chemicals in well-ventilated area away from ignition sources. Segregate incompatible chemicals during storage. Ensure chemical containers are properly sealed preventing evaporation and vapour exposure in storage area. Report any equipment defects immediately and remove from service until repaired.

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Frequently asked questions

What respiratory protection is required when cleaning construction dust containing crystalline silica?

Construction dust cleaning in areas where cutting, grinding, or drilling of concrete, masonry, or engineered stone has occurred requires P2 or P3 respirators to protect against crystalline silica exposure. P2 respirators provide 94% filtration efficiency for respirable particles and are suitable for moderate dust conditions. P3 respirators provide 99.95% filtration and should be used in heavy dust conditions or when silica exposure is confirmed. All respiratory protection must be fit-tested to ensure an effective seal between the respirator and wearer's face - inadequate seal allows contaminated air to bypass the filter rendering protection ineffective. Dry sweeping or compressed air use for dust removal must be prohibited as these methods create extremely high airborne dust concentrations exceeding the protection capability of any respirator. HEPA vacuum systems with wet suppression methods should be used instead. Respirator filters must be replaced according to manufacturer schedules and whenever breathing becomes difficult indicating filter saturation. Workers must be clean-shaven where respirators seal to the face - facial hair prevents effective seal compromising protection.

Can we mix different cleaning chemicals to increase cleaning effectiveness?

Mixing cleaning chemicals is extremely dangerous and must never be done unless specifically approved by product manufacturers. The most dangerous combination is mixing chlorine bleach with acidic products (including toilet bowl cleaners, vinegar, or products containing hydrochloric or phosphoric acid) or ammonia-based products. These combinations produce toxic chlorine gas causing severe respiratory damage, chemical burns to airways, and potentially fatal outcomes in enclosed spaces. Even combinations that do not produce toxic gases may neutralise each other's cleaning action, create unexpected chemical reactions, or produce substances with different hazard profiles than the original products. All cleaning chemicals must be used strictly according to manufacturer instructions including specified dilution ratios. If multiple products are required for a cleaning task, they must be applied sequentially with thorough rinsing between applications, never mixed together. Warning signs should be posted in cleaning storage areas reminding workers of mixing hazards. Chemical-specific training should emphasise that if manufacturer instructions do not specify mixing with another product, mixing must not occur under any circumstances.

What manual handling weight limits apply to waste bags during construction cleaning?

Construction cleaning waste bags should be limited to approximately 15kg maximum weight to prevent manual handling injuries. This is consistent with Hazardous Manual Tasks Code of Practice guidance that loads exceeding 15kg present increased musculoskeletal injury risk, particularly when combined with other risk factors such as awkward postures, sustained or repetitive handling, and uneven work surfaces common on construction sites. Workers often lack equipment to accurately weigh waste bags, so the practical control is to fill bags only two-thirds full and seal them when approaching this point. Commercial waste bins on wheels should be used for larger waste volumes, eliminating manual carrying. Where manual carrying of waste bags cannot be avoided, workers should be trained in proper lifting technique: position bag close to body, bend at knees keeping back straight, lift using leg muscles, keep load balanced, and limit carrying distance to 10 metres before using trolleys or making multiple trips. Overfilled waste bags present additional hazards beyond weight - they are more likely to tear during handling potentially exposing workers to sharps or contaminated materials. Site waste management plans should specify maximum bag weights and provide appropriate equipment for moving larger waste volumes.

How do we manage cleaning operations when working alone during night shifts?

Lone worker controls for night shift construction cleaning must include regular check-in procedures, emergency communication systems, and hazard-specific limitations. Establish a formal check-in schedule requiring the lone worker to contact a supervisor via mobile phone or SMS every 30 minutes throughout the shift. If a scheduled check-in is missed, the supervisor must immediately attempt phone contact and attend the site for a welfare check if the worker does not respond. Provide fully charged mobile phones to all lone workers and verify coverage in work areas during site establishment. If mobile coverage is inadequate, provide two-way radios or satellite communication devices. Conduct thorough pre-shift briefing documenting the worker's name, contact details, work areas, start time, expected completion time, and any specific hazards identified. Establish graduated response protocols clearly specifying actions if contact cannot be established. Prohibit high-risk activities during lone working including work at heights, entry to confined spaces, and use of large equipment or mobile plant. Security concerns in publicly accessible construction sites may justify providing personal duress alarms allowing workers to summon emergency assistance. Consider whether night shift cleaning is actually necessary or if work can be rescheduled to periods when other site personnel are present reducing lone working duration.

What training and competencies are required for construction site cleaning personnel?

Construction site cleaning personnel require multiple competencies beyond general cleaning skills. All workers must complete Construction Induction Training (White Card) meeting WorkSafe requirements for construction site access. Chemical safety training specific to products used on site must cover Safety Data Sheet interpretation, hazard recognition, safe handling procedures, required PPE, emergency response, and first aid for chemical exposure. Respiratory protection training is required if P2 or P3 respirators are used, including proper donning and removal, seal checking, filter replacement, and maintenance. Manual handling training addressing proper lifting technique, mechanical aid use, and load assessment helps prevent musculoskeletal injuries. Workers using industrial vacuum cleaners, floor machines, or other specialised equipment require specific operational training. If cleaning occurs at heights exceeding 2 metres, working at heights training and potentially specific EWP licences are required. Waste segregation training aligned with site waste management plans ensures proper recycling and contaminated waste identification. Biological hazard awareness including infection control procedures, appropriate PPE, and hand hygiene practices protects workers cleaning amenities or handling waste. Site-specific inductions must cover emergency procedures, communication protocols, hazard reporting systems, and interaction with other trades. Cleaning supervisors require additional competencies in work allocation, hazard identification, incident response, and safety monitoring.

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