What qualifications are required to operate cranes in Australia?
Crane operators in Australia must hold a high-risk work licence specific to the class of crane they operate, issued by a state or territory regulator such as WorkSafe. Licence classes include bridge and gantry crane, derrick crane, portal or pedestal crane, tower crane, vehicle loading crane, and non-slewing mobile crane. Operators must complete nationally recognised training, demonstrate competency, and maintain their licence through renewal processes. Additionally, dogmen who direct crane operations and attach loads require separate high-risk work licences. All licences must be verified before workers commence crane operations, and copies should be retained as part of SWMS documentation.
How often must crane and lifting equipment be inspected?
Crane inspection requirements are specified in AS 2550 and WHS Regulations. Daily pre-operational inspections must be conducted by crane operators before each shift, checking critical safety systems, controls, and visual indicators. Monthly inspections by competent persons examine structural components, mechanical systems, and safety devices in detail. Annual major inspections by qualified engineers include load testing and structural assessment. Lifting gear including slings, chains, and shackles require inspection before each use, with formal documented inspections at intervals specified by the manufacturer or AS 1418 standards. Any defects identified during inspections must be rectified before equipment returns to service, and inspection records must be maintained for the working life of the equipment plus five years.
What is required in a lift plan for complex crane operations?
Complex crane lifts require documented lift plans prepared before work commences. The lift plan must identify the load weight, dimensions, and centre of gravity; specify the crane type, configuration, and capacity; document ground conditions and required ground preparation; identify hazards including overhead powerlines, underground services, and structures; specify rigging methods, lifting gear, and attachment points; define exclusion zones and traffic management measures; assign responsibilities to crane operators, dogmen, riggers, and supervisors; establish communication methods including signals and radio protocols; and outline emergency procedures for equipment failure or adverse weather. The lift plan must be reviewed and approved by qualified supervisors and communicated to all personnel involved in the operation through toolbox meetings before work begins.
What are the minimum clearance distances from overhead powerlines?
Work Health and Safety Regulations and electrical safety codes specify minimum clearance distances between cranes and overhead powerlines based on voltage levels. For powerlines up to 132,000 volts, the minimum clearance is three metres for the crane, jib, load, or any lifting gear. For voltages between 132,000 and 330,000 volts, clearances increase to six metres. For any voltage, if exact voltage cannot be confirmed, a clearance of six metres must be maintained. These clearances apply in all directions and account for electrical arcing potential. Where maintaining clearances is not practicable, powerlines must be de-energised and isolated by the electricity authority, with confirmation provided before crane operations commence. Overhead powerline hazards must be identified during site assessment, marked on lift plans, and briefed to all crane operators and dogmen.
Who is responsible for ensuring crane SWMS compliance on construction sites?
Under the WHS Act, multiple parties share responsibility for crane operation safety. The principal contractor for a construction project has overarching responsibility to ensure all high-risk construction work, including crane operations, is conducted in accordance with SWMS requirements. The crane contractor or subcontractor who supplies the crane and operator must prepare and implement the SWMS, ensuring it is site-specific and addresses all identified hazards. The site supervisor or construction manager must ensure the SWMS is followed and workers are not directed to deviate from documented procedures. Crane operators and dogmen have individual responsibility to work according to the SWMS and report hazards or unsafe conditions. WorkSafe inspectors can prosecute any party who fails to meet their obligations, and all parties can be held liable in the event of an incident. Effective SWMS implementation requires coordination and communication between all responsible parties throughout the duration of crane operations.
