Comprehensive SWMS for Paver Installation, Base Preparation, and Hardscape Construction

Paving Safe Work Method Statement

2,000+ Australian Businesses Trust OneClickSWMS

Generate SWMS Now View Sample PDF

No credit card required • Instant access • 100% compliant in every Australian state

5 sec

Creation Time

100%

Compliant

2,000+

Companies

$3.6K

Fines Avoided

Avoid WHS penalties up to $3.6M—issue compliant SWMS to every crew before work starts.

Paving installation in landscape construction encompasses the design and construction of functional and aesthetic hard surface areas including pathways, driveways, patios, pool surrounds, and entertainment areas using concrete pavers, natural stone, clay brick pavers, or reconstituted stone products. These essential hardscape elements provide durable trafficable surfaces, define spaces within landscape design, manage water runoff through appropriate grading, and create value through material selection and quality workmanship. Paving installation requires substantial excavation for base preparation, delivery and handling of heavy materials including aggregate base and paving units, precision cutting using power tools and saws, and physical labour installing materials following specified patterns and levels. Workers face hazards including manual handling injuries from lifting heavy pavers and excavation work, cutting tool injuries from saws and grinders, silica dust exposure during cutting operations, heat stress from outdoor physical labour, and trip hazards from uneven surfaces during construction. This SWMS provides comprehensive safety controls addressing these significant risks whilst ensuring quality paving installation meeting Australian Standards for construction tolerances, drainage requirements, and long-term performance specifications.

Start Generating SWMS See How It Works

Unlimited drafts • Built-in WHS compliance • Works across every Australian state

Overview

What this SWMS covers

Landscape paving installation creates functional hardscape surfaces using modular paving units including concrete pavers in various sizes, shapes, and finishes, natural stone including granite, sandstone, and bluestone, clay brick pavers for traditional aesthetics and durability, and reconstituted stone products offering cost-effective alternatives to natural materials. These materials provide versatile solutions for driveways supporting vehicle loads, pathways connecting landscape areas, patios for outdoor living, pool surrounds requiring non-slip surfaces and freeze-thaw resistance, and decorative features including circular patterns, contrasting borders, and geometric designs. Quality paving installation requires careful planning, precise execution, and attention to detail ensuring level surfaces, proper drainage, long-term stability, and aesthetic appeal meeting client expectations and design intent. Paving construction follows systematic process beginning with site assessment and design documentation review understanding project scope, material specifications, pattern requirements, level and drainage requirements, and edge restraint specifications. Excavation removes existing surfaces and soil to design depth typically 200-300mm below finished paving level allowing adequate base thickness. Base preparation constructs stable foundation using crushed rock, road base, or specified aggregate compacted in layers to achieve required density typically 95-98% Standard Proctor maximum dry density. Bedding layer provides levelling course using coarse sand typically 30-40mm compacted thickness creating level uniform surface for paver installation. Paver laying follows design pattern working from fixed edges or string lines maintaining specified joint widths typically 2-5mm depending on product. Edge restraints prevent lateral paver movement using concrete edge beams, steel or aluminium edging, or soldier course pavers set in concrete. Joint filling uses coarse sand swept and vibrated into joints locking pavers together through interlock. Compaction uses plate compactors settling pavers into bedding and forcing sand into joints completing installation.

Create Custom Paving SWMS Download Paving SWMS Template View All Landscaping SWMS

Fully editable, audit-ready, and aligned to Australian WHS standards.

Why this SWMS matters

Safe Work Method Statements for paving installation are essential compliance documents under Work Health and Safety Act 2011 particularly when work involves high-risk construction activities including excavation potentially contacting underground services, operation of mobile plant for material handling and compaction, use of power tools for cutting creating noise and dust hazards, and manual handling of heavy materials causing musculoskeletal injury risks. Without comprehensive risk management and documented safety controls, paving workers face serious injury risks including chronic musculoskeletal damage from repetitive heavy lifting, silicosis from silica dust exposure during cutting, serious lacerations from cutting tools, and underground service strikes causing electrocution or explosion hazards. Manual handling injuries affect paving workers due to sustained physical demands of material handling and installation work. Concrete pavers range from small 200x100mm units weighing approximately 2-3kg to large format 600x600mm pavers weighing 30-40kg each. Natural stone including granite and bluestone can exceed 50kg per unit for large format pieces. Workers lift and carry thousands of individual pavers during typical residential driveway or patio projects creating cumulative musculoskeletal loading even when individual unit weights are within theoretical safe limits. Lifting occurs from pallets positioned at ground level, from wheelbarrows or buggies during transport, and during final positioning requiring sustained bending. Workers adopt awkward postures during installation including prolonged kneeling, squatting, and bending whilst maintaining precision for level and pattern requirements. Excavation work requires repetitive shovelling, wheelbarrow loads of excavated material and aggregate base, and operation of compaction equipment creating vibration exposure. Without mechanical aids, task rotation, and proper lifting techniques, workers develop chronic lower back injuries, knee damage from sustained kneeling, shoulder impingement from overhead reaching and carrying, and hand/wrist disorders from repetitive tool use. Silica dust exposure during paver cutting creates serious long-term health risks. Concrete pavers, natural stone, and clay bricks contain crystalline silica which becomes respirable dust particles during cutting with masonry saws, angle grinders, or guillotine cutters. Respirable crystalline silica (RCS) particles small enough to penetrate deep into lungs cause silicosis - progressive irreversible lung disease reducing lung capacity and function. Safe Work Australia identifies silica exposure as priority health hazard with new regulations strengthening workplace exposure limits and requiring enhanced controls. Dry cutting generates maximum dust exposure with particles remaining airborne for extended periods affecting not only operators but nearby workers. Wet cutting using water spray reduces dust generation but requires proper equipment, adequate water supply, and creates mud and slurry requiring management. Workers cutting pavers throughout career face cumulative silica exposure substantially increasing silicosis risk. The SWMS must mandate dust control including wet cutting methods or on-tool dust extraction, respiratory protection using P2 or better respirators during cutting operations, work area isolation preventing exposure to non-essential personnel, and health surveillance for workers with regular silica exposure.

Reinforce licensing, insurance, and regulator expectations for Paving Safe Work Method Statement crews before they mobilise.

Hazard identification

Surface the critical risks tied to this work scope and communicate them to every worker.

Risk register

Manual Handling Injuries from Lifting Heavy Pavers and Materials

High

Paving installation requires extensive manual handling of heavy materials including individual pavers weighing 2-50kg depending on size and material type, bags of bedding sand and joint sand weighing 20-25kg, excavated soil requiring removal from site, road base and aggregate delivered in bulk requiring spreading and levelling. Workers lift pavers from delivery pallets typically stacked 1-1.5 metres high requiring overhead reaching and awkward postures, carry across work areas often on uneven or soft ground, and position precisely whilst maintaining level and alignment. Large format pavers and natural stone exceeding 30kg present particularly high risk requiring two-person lifts or mechanical aids. Repetitive lifting occurs during typical projects with workers handling thousands of individual units creating cumulative musculoskeletal loading. Installation work requires sustained bending, kneeling, and squatting postures whilst positioning pavers maintaining precision for level and pattern requirements. Wheelbarrow loads of sand, aggregate, or excavated material require pushing and manoeuvring across uneven terrain. Compaction equipment vibration creates additional musculoskeletal stress particularly to hands, arms, and lower back.

Consequence: Acute lower back strain or disc herniation from improper lifting technique or excessive loads, chronic lower back degeneration from repetitive heavy lifting over paving career, knee damage including cartilage wear and ligament strain from prolonged kneeling on hard surfaces, shoulder injuries from carrying heavy pavers and overhead reaching to pallet heights, hand and wrist strain from repetitive gripping and positioning of units, hernias from excessive abdominal strain, and long-term musculoskeletal disability requiring modified duties or medical retirement from trade.

Silica Dust Exposure During Paver Cutting Operations

High

Cutting concrete pavers, natural stone, and clay bricks to fit around edges, obstacles, and design features generates respirable crystalline silica (RCS) dust - serious occupational health hazard causing silicosis, lung cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Dry cutting using angle grinders, masonry saws, or guillotine cutters without dust suppression creates maximum dust generation with fine particles remaining airborne for extended periods. Even brief cutting operations create substantial dust concentrations particularly in confined or poorly ventilated areas. Silica particles penetrate deep into lungs where they cannot be cleared by natural defence mechanisms accumulating over career causing progressive irreversible lung damage. Workers may perform hundreds of cuts during typical paving projects creating sustained exposure. Dust affects not only saw operators but nearby workers engaged in other tasks. Wind can carry dust across site affecting multiple work areas. Inadequate respiratory protection or use of incorrect filter types provides false security whilst allowing dangerous exposure.

Consequence: Silicosis - progressive irreversible lung disease reducing breathing capacity and quality of life with no cure and potential for progression even after exposure ceases, increased lung cancer risk from carcinogenic properties of crystalline silica, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) causing permanent breathing difficulties, tuberculosis susceptibility increased in workers with silicosis, reduced life expectancy from respiratory disease complications, and inability to continue physically demanding work due to reduced lung function.

Cutting Tool Injuries from Saws and Grinders

High

Cutting pavers requires power tools including masonry saws with diamond blades, angle grinders with cutting discs, and occasionally guillotine-style paver splitters creating multiple injury mechanisms. Saw blades and cutting discs rotating at high speed (typically 6000-11000 RPM for angle grinders) can cause catastrophic lacerations if they contact skin during operation, kickback events, or if guards are removed. Paver guillotines use heavy blade forced through material with substantial mechanical advantage capable of crushing or severing fingers if hands are positioned incorrectly. Saw blade binding in partially completed cuts can cause violent kickback throwing grinder or saw toward operator. Blade failures from damage, incorrect specification, or excessive speed cause disc fragmentation projecting sharp debris at high velocity. Operators may contact rotating blades during material positioning, whilst clearing waste, or if loss of balance occurs on uneven ground. Wet cutting creates additional slip hazards from muddy conditions around cutting area.

Consequence: Severe lacerations or amputations from blade contact requiring emergency medical treatment and potential permanent disability, eye injuries or blindness from flying debris or blade fragments, hearing damage from exposure to tool noise exceeding 100dB without hearing protection, hand-arm vibration syndrome from sustained power tool use causing tingling, numbness, and reduced manual dexterity, facial injuries from kickback events if saw contacts operator, and secondary injuries from loss of balance or falls whilst handling running equipment.

Underground Service Strikes During Excavation

High

Excavation for paving installation typically 200-300mm depth can contact underground electrical cables, gas lines, water mains, telecommunications cables, sewer services, and irrigation systems buried in this zone. Residential and commercial sites have dense underground service networks particularly near buildings where services enter from street connections. Irrigation systems installed during previous landscaping may not appear in Dial Before You Dig records. Temporary construction services may exist during building phase. Manual excavation using mattocks and shovels can penetrate service conduits or strike cables and pipes with sufficient force to cause damage. Mechanical excavation using bobcats or excavators for site preparation multiplies strike forces. Even careful excavation faces risks where services are shallower than standard depths due to ground settlement, previous excavation, or installation errors.

Consequence: Fatal electrocution from striking electrical cables particularly high-voltage underground services, severe arc flash burns from electrical short circuits, explosion and fire from gas line damage, asphyxiation from gas releases in confined areas or basements, major property damage and flooding from water main strikes, sewage contamination from sewer line damage, substantial financial liability for service damage and consequential losses, regulatory penalties and investigations, project delays during service repairs, and permanent scarring or disability from electrical burns or gas explosion injuries.

Heat Stress and UV Exposure During Outdoor Paving Work

Medium

Paving installation occurs entirely outdoors often on exposed sites lacking shade particularly during early construction phases. Strenuous physical labour of excavation, material handling, and paver installation generates substantial metabolic heat. Paving work commonly occurs during warmer months when ground conditions are suitable and outdoor projects are active. Dark-coloured paving materials absorb solar radiation creating localised hot zones when workers kneel or bend in close proximity. Concrete and stone surfaces radiate stored heat during afternoon periods. Workers often underestimate heat stress risk focusing on production targets and project completion deadlines. Inadequate hydration combined with heat generation from physical effort and environmental heat loading causes progressive core temperature elevation. Chronic sun exposure significantly increases skin cancer risk with Australia having amongst the highest melanoma rates globally.

Consequence: Heat exhaustion causing dizziness, nausea, severe fatigue, muscle cramps, and work incapacity requiring immediate rest and recovery, progression to heat stroke with confusion, loss of consciousness, and potential fatality if emergency cooling and medical treatment delayed, dehydration affecting physical and cognitive performance increasing injury susceptibility, acute sunburn causing pain and lost work time, cumulative skin damage progressing to pre-cancerous lesions and skin cancers requiring ongoing medical treatment, and long-term heat illness risk increasing with repeated episodes.

Control measures

Deploy layered controls aligned to the hierarchy of hazard management.

Implementation guide

Wet Cutting Methods and Silica Dust Suppression

Engineering Control

Implement wet cutting as primary dust control method using water spray to suppress silica dust generation during all paver cutting operations. This engineering control eliminates dust at source rather than relying on respiratory protection to filter contaminated air after dust is generated. Combine with work area isolation and regular equipment maintenance ensuring effective dust suppression.

Implementation

1. Use masonry saws or angle grinders equipped with integral water supply systems providing continuous water spray at cutting point 2. Ensure adequate water supply for duration of cutting operations using large water containers, connection to site water supply, or water trucks for large projects 3. Adjust water flow rate to adequately suppress dust whilst avoiding excessive water creating mud hazards - visible light mist at cutting point indicates adequate suppression 4. Use on-tool dust extraction systems as alternative or supplement to wet cutting capturing dust at source before it becomes airborne 5. Establish cutting area isolation using barriers or designated zones preventing non-essential workers entering dust exposure area 6. Schedule cutting operations during periods of low wind when possible reducing dust dispersal across site 7. Conduct cutting in well-ventilated open areas rather than confined spaces where dust concentrations accumulate 8. Maintain cutting equipment ensuring water spray nozzles are clear, hoses are not damaged, and pumps function effectively 9. Clean work area using wet methods (water spray before sweeping) rather than dry sweeping that re-suspends settled dust 10. Monitor cutting practices ensuring workers maintain wet cutting compliance and report equipment malfunctions preventing effective dust suppression immediately

Mechanical Handling Aids and Load Reduction Strategies

Substitution

Reduce manual handling injury risk by substituting manual lifting and carrying with mechanical aids, reducing individual load weights through smaller package sizes or multi-person lifts, and using gravity-assist techniques where terrain permits. This substitution approach replaces high-risk manual handling with mechanical systems or shared loads substantially reducing musculoskeletal injury risk.

Implementation

1. Use telehandlers, forklifts, or pallet jacks to position paver pallets directly adjacent to work areas eliminating manual carrying from delivery point to installation location 2. Provide paver buggies or wheelbarrows with large pneumatic tyres suitable for rough terrain transporting multiple pavers per trip rather than individual carrying 3. Implement mandatory two-person lift protocol for all pavers, stones, or materials exceeding 20kg with clear communication during coordinated lifts 4. Position paver pallets at optimal working height using timber supports or platforms reducing bending during retrieval from ground level pallets 5. Use gravity-assist techniques on sloped sites positioning delivery pallets at high side allowing pavers to be lowered downhill rather than carried uphill 6. Arrange material staging areas at multiple locations across large sites reducing carrying distances from supply point to installation area 7. Use mini-excavators or bobcats with bucket attachments for bulk material movement including excavated soil, road base, and sand 8. Provide adequate crew size ensuring sufficient workers for safe team lifting without individuals exceeding safe load limits attempting risky solo lifts 9. Use mechanical plate compactors rather than hand tampers for base and sand compaction reducing physical effort and improving compaction quality 10. Schedule projects with adequate timeframes allowing reasonable work pace without pressure encouraging risky manual handling practices to meet unrealistic deadlines

Cutting Tool Safety and Guarding Requirements

Engineering Control

Ensure all cutting equipment maintains factory-fitted guards providing maximum protection whilst allowing necessary access for cutting operations. Implement systematic maintenance ensuring guards remain functional, blades are appropriate specification and condition, and safety devices including blade brakes function correctly. Engineering controls physically prevent contact between operators and cutting hazards.

Implementation

1. Verify all masonry saws and angle grinders have guards fitted and correctly adjusted covering maximum blade area whilst permitting material feed 2. Prohibit guard removal or modification - any equipment found with damaged, missing, or modified guards must be tagged out of service immediately 3. Use appropriate blade specifications for material being cut - diamond blades rated for masonry work with correct arbor size and maximum RPM rating exceeding tool speed 4. Inspect blades before each use checking for cracks, missing segments, excessive wear, or damage indicating replacement required 5. Ensure blade guards are adjusted to minimum exposure for cutting depth required reducing contact hazard to minimum necessary 6. Use saw horses or cutting benches providing stable work surface at appropriate height preventing bending and improving control during cutting 7. Maintain clear area around cutting operations preventing trip hazards or distractions that could affect operator concentration 8. Replace blade flanges and locking nuts at specified intervals preventing blade loosening or detachment during operation 9. Install blade brakes or rapid stop systems where available reducing coast-down time after power release 10. Provide push sticks or guides for final material positioning keeping hands away from blade contact zone during completion of cuts

Underground Service Location and Safe Excavation Procedures

Elimination

Eliminate underground service strike risk through mandatory Dial Before You Dig enquiries, electromagnetic service location verification on site, hand tool use within critical clearance zones near identified services, and immediate work cessation if unexpected services encountered. This control hierarchy eliminates the hazard rather than managing consequences after strikes occur.

Implementation

1. Contact Dial Before You Dig (1100) minimum two business days before any excavation providing accurate site location information using address and site plan 2. Obtain service plans from all asset owners showing locations of electrical, gas, water, telecommunications, and sewer infrastructure 3. Engage qualified service locator with electromagnetic equipment verifying actual service positions on ground as plans show indicative locations only 4. Mark all identified services on ground using colour-coded paint per AS 5488 (red electrical, yellow gas, blue water, orange telecom) 5. Maintain 500mm minimum clearance from marked services when using mechanical excavation equipment including bobcats or excavators 6. Use hand tools exclusively for excavation within 500mm of marked service locations allowing tactile awareness and immediate stop if resistance encountered 7. Carefully expose services where excavation crosses service alignments supporting cables or pipes to prevent damage from sagging or ground movement 8. Adjust paving area boundaries if service conflicts arise rather than excavating directly over critical services - minor layout changes are safer than strike risks 9. Clearly mark any exposed services with high-visibility bunting preventing accidental contact during paving installation operations 10. Halt work immediately and contact relevant authority if unexpected services encountered - never attempt to work around unknown services without authority approval

Heat Stress Prevention and UV Protection Programme

Administrative Control

Prevent heat-related illness through comprehensive heat management including work scheduling avoiding peak heat periods, mandatory rest breaks with shade access, enhanced hydration protocols, and heat acclimatisation for new workers. Integrate sun protection addressing Australia's extreme UV radiation environment and high skin cancer rates affecting outdoor workers.

Implementation

1. Monitor weather forecasts and Bureau of Meteorology heat warnings scheduling intensive physical work during cooler morning and late afternoon periods 2. Implement mandatory 10-minute rest breaks in shade every 45-60 minutes when working in temperatures exceeding 30°C or per workplace heat policy 3. Establish shaded rest areas using temporary gazebos, shade cloth, or vehicle shade providing cool recovery space even on exposed construction sites 4. Provide insulated water containers with ice-cold water accessible throughout work areas targeting consumption 200-250ml every 15-20 minutes during high heat 5. Include electrolyte replacement drinks during extreme heat preventing hyponatraemia from excessive plain water consumption without electrolyte balance 6. Train all workers in heat stress recognition including symptom progression from heat exhaustion to heat stroke requiring emergency medical response 7. Implement buddy system requiring workers to monitor colleagues for concerning symptoms including excessive sweating, dizziness, nausea, confusion, or reduced work capacity 8. Provide broad-brimmed hats, long-sleeved sun-safe shirts in light colours, and SPF 50+ sunscreen in all work vehicles for mandatory use 9. Allow acclimatisation period for workers new to outdoor physical work gradually increasing work intensity over 5-7 days supporting physiological adaptation 10. Cease work and activate emergency response if heat stroke suspected including immediate cooling with water, ice packs to pulse points, and emergency services (000) contact

Personal Protective Equipment for Paving Operations

Personal Protective Equipment

Provide comprehensive PPE suite addressing multiple paving hazards including manual handling support, silica dust exposure, cutting tool risks, noise exposure, and environmental conditions. Ensure PPE is correctly fitted, maintained serviceable, replaced when damaged, and workers are trained in proper use and limitations. PPE provides final protective layer supporting higher-order controls.

Implementation

1. Issue steel-capped safety boots meeting AS/NZS 2210.3 protecting feet from dropped pavers, tools, and equipment with slip-resistant soles for wet conditions 2. Provide P2 or P3 particulate respirators for all paver cutting operations protecting from respirable crystalline silica dust inhalation 3. Supply safety glasses with side shields protecting eyes from cutting debris, dust, and general construction hazards throughout all operations 4. Issue face shields for cutting operations providing additional face and eye protection from flying particles and water spray during wet cutting 5. Provide Class 4 or 5 hearing protection (earmuffs or earplugs) for use during cutting operations and compaction equipment operation exceeding 85dB 6. Supply work gloves with reinforced palms for paver handling, excavation, and material work protecting from abrasion and splinters 7. Issue anti-vibration gloves for workers operating compaction equipment or power tools for extended periods reducing vibration transmission 8. Provide knee pads for sustained kneeling during paver laying and levelling operations reducing knee compression and improving comfort 9. Supply broad-brimmed hats and SPF 50+ sunscreen for UV protection during outdoor work with reapplication every 2 hours or after sweating 10. Maintain PPE replacement schedule ensuring damaged, worn, or contaminated items are replaced promptly maintaining protective effectiveness

Download complete control procedures

Personal protective equipment

Requirement: AS/NZS 2210.3 with slip-resistant sole

When: Throughout all paving operations protecting feet from dropped pavers, tools, equipment, and providing traction on wet and uneven surfaces

Requirement: AS/NZS 1716 P2 or P3 classification

When: During all paver cutting operations to protect from respirable crystalline silica dust even when wet cutting methods used

Requirement: Medium impact with side shields per AS/NZS 1337

When: Throughout all operations protecting from cutting debris, dust, flying particles, and general construction hazards

Requirement: Impact-rated clear polycarbonate

When: During cutting operations particularly wet cutting providing face protection from water spray and debris in addition to safety glasses

Requirement: Class 4 or 5 per AS/NZS 1270

When: During cutting operations, compaction equipment use, or when noise exceeds 85dB requiring hearing conservation

Requirement: Leather or synthetic with reinforced palms

When: During paver handling, excavation work, and general material handling protecting from abrasion, rough edges, and splinters

Requirement: Meeting AS/NZS 2161.3

When: When operating compaction equipment or power tools for extended periods reducing hand-arm vibration transmission

Requirement: Foam or gel padding with secure straps

When: During sustained kneeling for paver laying, levelling, and joint filling operations reducing knee compression and strain

Requirement: Minimum 7.5cm brim per Cancer Council guidelines

When: During all outdoor work for comprehensive UV protection to face, neck, and ears particularly during peak radiation 10am-3pm

Requirement: Broad spectrum per Cancer Council Australia

When: Applied to all exposed skin 20 minutes before outdoor work with reapplication every 2 hours or after sweating

Inspections & checks

Before work starts

✓Review paving design plans and specifications identifying layout, pattern, materials, levels, drainage requirements, and edge details
✓Conduct site assessment verifying ground conditions, existing surfaces requiring removal, slopes, and access for material delivery and equipment
✓Verify Dial Before You Dig enquiry completed and service plans obtained marking underground service locations on ground before excavation
✓Check material delivery includes specified paver types, quantities, colours matching design, plus adequate road base, bedding sand, and joint sand
✓Inspect excavation and cutting equipment verifying serviceability including tools, compactors, saws, and safety guards fitted and functional
✓Verify water supply is available and adequate for wet cutting operations if cutting is planned during installation
✓Check PPE availability and serviceability including safety boots, respirators, safety glasses, face shields, hearing protection, and gloves
✓Confirm edge restraint materials are available including concrete, edging products, or materials for soldier course installation
✓Assess weather conditions including rain forecast affecting excavation and installation, and extreme heat requiring enhanced controls
✓Identify emergency assembly point, verify mobile phone reception, confirm location of nearest medical facility and emergency services access
✓Establish work zones and exclusion areas if mechanical equipment operating preventing unauthorised access during excavation and compaction
✓Verify first aid kit contents include supplies for laceration treatment, eye wash for dust exposure, and heat stress response equipment

During work

✓Monitor excavation depth and uniformity ensuring adequate depth for base and bedding layers achieving finished paving level per specification
✓Verify clearance from underground services is maintained during excavation halting work immediately if unexpected services encountered
✓Check base preparation achieves specified compaction using density testing or proof rolling ensuring stable foundation for paving
✓Observe cutting operations confirming wet cutting methods used with adequate water suppression and respiratory protection worn by operators
✓Verify paver laying maintains specified pattern, joint widths typically 2-5mm, and level tolerances usually ±5mm over 3 metre straight edge
✓Monitor drainage falls ensuring minimum 1:100 (1%) slope away from buildings and toward designed drainage points preventing ponding
✓Check edge restraints are installed correctly providing adequate lateral support preventing paver spreading under traffic loads
✓Verify joint filling uses appropriate sand with adequate compaction and additional sand applied after initial settling
✓Monitor workers for heat stress symptoms, manual handling technique, PPE compliance, and signs of fatigue affecting work quality or safety
✓Observe compaction procedures ensuring multiple passes with plate compactor achieving paver settlement and joint sand consolidation

After work

✓Conduct final inspection verifying paving level meets specification, drainage falls are adequate, and surface is free from major lippage or unevenness
✓Check joints are completely filled with sand with no voids remaining that could allow paver movement or weed growth
✓Verify edge restraints are secure and properly finished with no trip hazards or exposed concrete creating visual or safety issues
✓Inspect cutting waste disposal ensuring silica-contaminated materials are collected and disposed per waste management regulations
✓Clean all tools and equipment removing dust, mud, and debris before storage preventing corrosion and maintaining operational condition
✓Properly dispose of excavated material, excess base rock, and packaging materials per environmental requirements and site protocols
✓Document completed installation including actual area paved, materials used, any variations from specification, and completion date
✓Photograph completed work from multiple angles providing visual record of installation quality and finished appearance
✓Verify site is clean and safe with all waste removed, excess materials cleared, and work area suitable for subsequent operations or use
✓Provide care and maintenance instructions to client including joint sand top-up requirements, cleaning recommendations, and stain prevention advice
✓Report any quality concerns, specification non-compliances, or installation difficulties to project manager for assessment and resolution

Step-by-step work procedure

Give supervisors and crews a clear, auditable sequence for the task.

Field ready

Site Assessment, Service Location, and Excavation

Commence paving installation with comprehensive site assessment and excavation to design depth. Review paving design plans understanding layout, pattern, levels, drainage requirements, and material specifications. Verify Dial Before You Dig enquiry is complete obtaining service plans showing underground infrastructure. Engage service locator to verify actual service positions on ground marking with colour-coded paint. Mark paving area boundaries using string lines, spray paint, or stakes defining excavation limits. Remove existing surfaces including grass, old paving, concrete, or other materials within paving area. Excavate to design depth typically 200-300mm below finished paving level allowing adequate thickness for base course (150-200mm) and bedding layer (30-40mm) plus paver thickness. Maintain 500mm clearance from marked services using hand tools within this critical zone. Check excavation depth using string lines, laser levels, or measuring from datum points ensuring uniform depth across area. Create falls for drainage typically 1:100 (1%) minimum away from buildings and toward drainage points. Remove excavated material from site or stockpile if suitable for landscaping use. Verify excavation base is stable and free from soft spots, organic material, or unstable areas requiring treatment before base placement.

Safety considerations

Never commence excavation without confirmed service location information and on-ground electromagnetic verification. Maintain mandatory clearances from identified services and use hand tools only within 500mm zone. Halt work immediately if unexpected services encountered contacting relevant authority before proceeding. Ensure excavation sides are stable - slope or shore if depth or soil conditions create cave-in risk. Use correct manual handling technique when removing excavated material bending knees and using wheelbarrows for transport rather than repeated manual carrying.

Base Preparation and Compaction

Install and compact road base or crushed rock creating stable foundation for paving. Deliver base material to site positioning stockpiles convenient to work area whilst maintaining access. Spread base material across excavated area in layers maximum 100-150mm loose thickness using shovels, rakes, or mechanical spreading equipment. Level each layer using screeding techniques, rakes, or laser-guided equipment achieving uniform thickness and maintaining design drainage falls. Compact each base layer using plate compactor making multiple passes in different directions achieving specified density typically 95-98% Standard Proctor maximum dry density. Check compaction using density testing equipment, proof rolling with loaded vehicle, or penetration testing confirming adequate firmness. Add additional base material in low areas or soft spots requiring extra support. Continue layering and compaction until total base thickness meets specification typically 150-200mm compacted depth. Create smooth uniform surface on final base layer providing stable platform for bedding sand. Verify finished base maintains design falls and levels checking with string lines or laser equipment. Allow base to settle overnight if possible before proceeding with bedding layer particularly after rainfall or on sites with marginal soil conditions.

Safety considerations

Use mechanical equipment including bobcats or small loaders for bulk base material spreading reducing manual shovelling effort. Wear hearing protection when operating compaction equipment as noise levels typically exceed 90dB. Avoid sustained use of vibrating compactors without breaks preventing hand-arm vibration syndrome - limit continuous use to 15-20 minutes with breaks between sessions. Maintain adequate hydration and rest breaks during physical base preparation work particularly in high temperatures. Ensure stable footing when walking on uncompacted base materials as loose aggregate creates ankle injury risk.

Bedding Layer Installation and Screeding

Install bedding sand layer providing level uniform surface for paver placement. Use coarse sharp sand or bedding sand specifically designed for paving applications - avoid fine sands, beach sands, or materials with high silt content that prevent proper drainage and compaction. Spread bedding sand across base to approximately 40-50mm loose thickness providing adequate material to achieve 30-40mm compacted thickness after paver installation. Set up screeding guides using metal or PVC pipe typically 25-32mm diameter positioned parallel at spacing matching screed board length. Set guide heights to achieve final bedding thickness ensuring guide tops are 30-40mm below finished paving level. Pull screed board across guides using sawing motion creating level sand surface. Work in manageable sections to prevent disturbance of screeded sand before paver placement. Check screeded sand level frequently using straight edge or laser level maintaining uniform thickness. Add sand to low areas or remove excess from high spots achieving consistent bedding depth. Avoid walking or kneeling on screeded sand as this creates depressions requiring rework. If disturbance occurs, re-screed affected areas before paver placement. Some areas may require hand-screeding around obstacles, tight spaces, or complex shapes using trowels or hand tools.

Safety considerations

Use correct lifting technique when handling bags of bedding sand typically 20-25kg each - bend knees, maintain straight back, and use two-person lift if handling becomes difficult. Position sand stockpiles or pallets close to work area reducing carrying distances. Use wheelbarrows for transporting multiple bags rather than individual carries. Work from kneeling pads when hand-screeding protecting knees from compression on hard surfaces. Maintain awareness of tripping hazards from screed guides and tools positioned on work surface.

Paver Laying and Pattern Installation

Install pavers following design pattern working from fixed edges or string lines maintaining specified joint widths and level tolerances. Begin laying from straight edge, existing structure, or established string line providing reference for pattern and alignment. Work forward onto screeded bedding sand avoiding disturbing prepared surface - use kneeling boards distributing weight across multiple pavers if access across completed areas is necessary. Place pavers carefully onto bedding sand using vertical lowering motion avoiding lateral sliding that displaces sand. Maintain joint spacing using spacer tabs if provided or visual spacing achieving typical 2-5mm joints depending on paver type and specification. Check level continuously using straight edge or laser level across multiple pavers ensuring surface remains within tolerance typically ±5mm over 3 metres. Tap high pavers down using rubber mallet - never strike pavers with metal hammers that can cause damage. Add sand under low pavers lifting carefully, adding bedding sand, and repositioning. Follow pattern requirements carefully particularly for complex designs, circular features, or contrasting borders. Cut pavers as required for edges, obstacles, or pattern completion using wet cutting methods with appropriate respiratory protection. Mark cuts accurately measuring and checking fit before cutting to minimise waste and ensure accuracy. Set cut pavers in place maintaining pattern continuity and joint spacing.

Safety considerations

Use two-person lift for heavy pavers or large format natural stone exceeding 20kg coordinating movement with clear communication. Wear gloves during paver handling protecting from abrasion and edge damage. Use kneeling pads protecting knees during sustained kneeling required for paver laying. Take regular breaks changing position and stretching to prevent repetitive strain from sustained kneeling and bending. Ensure adequate cutting area separation preventing exposure of laying crew to silica dust and noise from cutting operations.

Edge Restraint Installation and Joint Filling

Install edge restraints preventing lateral paver movement and complete joint filling locking pavers together through interlock. Common edge restraint methods include concrete edge beam cast adjacent to pavers typically 100x150mm concrete haunching extending below base level, steel or aluminium edging mechanically fixed to base providing thin profile edge detail, plastic edging for curved areas using spikes driven through edging into base, or soldier course pavers set in concrete providing matching material edge. Install restraints ensuring adequate support to paver edges and positive connection preventing separation under traffic loads. Allow concrete edge beams to cure per specification before trafficking typically minimum 7 days. Complete joint filling using fine kiln-dried sand swept across paving surface with stiff broom forcing sand into joints. Make multiple passes with broom pushing sand from different directions ensuring joints fill completely. Compact paving using plate compactor with rubber or neoprene pad attached to prevent paver surface damage. Make 3-4 passes with compactor from different directions settling pavers into bedding and consolidating joint sand. Add additional joint sand after compaction replacing material that consolidates into joints. Sweep and compact again until joints remain full without settling. Some specifications require polymeric jointing sand that hardens preventing weed growth and sand loss - follow manufacturer's instructions carefully for application and activation.

Safety considerations

Allow adequate concrete cure time before trafficking concrete edge beams preventing damage and ensuring full strength development. Wear hearing protection during compaction operations as plate compactors generate noise exceeding 90dB. Use anti-vibration gloves if compacting for extended periods reducing vibration transmission. Ensure compactor plate has protective pad preventing damage to paver surface which can create trip hazards and affect appearance. Avoid running compactor over edges or near restraints where lateral forces could cause shifting or damage.

Final Inspection, Cleaning, and Documentation

Complete paving installation with thorough inspection, cleaning, and comprehensive documentation. Inspect entire paved area checking level tolerances using 3 metre straight edge verifying variation does not exceed specification typically ±5mm maximum over 3 metre length. Check drainage falls ensuring water drains correctly toward designed outlets without ponding. Verify joints are completely filled with sand and pavers are stable without rocking or movement. Inspect edge restraints ensuring secure installation and appropriate finish details. Check paving pattern accuracy particularly in complex designs or where multiple paver colours create visual patterns. Remove excess joint sand from paving surface using broom or blower leaving joints full but surface clean. Conduct final surface cleaning removing construction debris, cutting slurry residue, or soil contamination using appropriate methods for paver material type. Document completed installation including actual area paved in square metres, materials used with quantities, any variations from original design or specification, installation date and crew details. Photograph completed work from multiple angles showing overall installation, pattern details, edge treatments, and integration with surrounding landscape or structures. Provide care and maintenance information to client including guidance on joint sand top-up frequency typically annually or as needed, cleaning recommendations appropriate to paver material type, stain prevention and treatment advice, and traffic restrictions during initial cure period for mortared or adhesive applications.

Safety considerations

Conduct final inspection during good lighting conditions ensuring all quality issues are visible and can be addressed before project completion. Remove all construction debris, excess materials, and tools preventing trip hazards in completed area. Ensure work area is left safe for client use or subsequent construction activities. Clean tools and equipment thoroughly before storage removing silica-contaminated dust and materials. Document any incidents, near-misses, or safety concerns for investigation and corrective action preventing recurrence on future projects.

Get risk assessment & procedures

Frequently asked questions

What silica dust controls are required for paver cutting operations, and what respiratory protection is appropriate?

Paver cutting creates respirable crystalline silica (RCS) dust which is serious occupational health hazard requiring comprehensive controls under Work Health and Safety regulations. Safe Work Australia has strengthened workplace exposure limits for RCS to 0.05mg/m³ as 8-hour time-weighted average requiring enhanced dust suppression and monitoring. Primary control is wet cutting using water spray at cutting point suppressing dust generation at source - this is most effective control method and should be implemented wherever practical. Wet cutting requires masonry saws or angle grinders equipped with integral water supply systems providing continuous spray during cutting. Ensure adequate water supply for duration of cutting operations and adjust flow rate to achieve visible mist at cutting point indicating effective suppression. As alternative or supplement to wet cutting, on-tool dust extraction systems capture dust at source using vacuum collection before particles become airborne. Where wet cutting or extraction cannot eliminate dust exposure completely, respiratory protection using P2 or P3 particulate respirators is mandatory. P2 respirators filter minimum 94% of particles whilst P3 filter 99.95% providing enhanced protection. Respirators must be fit-tested to individual workers ensuring proper seal and protection - facial hair prevents effective seal making respirators ineffective. Replace respirator filters when breathing resistance increases indicating filter loading. Establish cutting area isolation using barriers or designated zones preventing exposure of non-essential workers to cutting dust. Conduct cutting in well-ventilated open areas rather than confined spaces where dust accumulates. Clean work areas using wet methods (water spray before sweeping) rather than dry sweeping that re-suspends settled dust. Workers with regular silica exposure should undergo health surveillance including baseline and periodic respiratory function testing, chest X-rays, and medical assessment monitoring for early signs of silicosis or other respiratory disease. Document all cutting operations, dust control methods used, and respiratory protection issued providing evidence of compliance with WHS requirements and supporting worker compensation claims if silica-related disease develops despite proper controls.

What base preparation and compaction standards apply to landscape paving to ensure long-term performance and prevent settlement or movement?

Base preparation is critical for long-term paving performance with inadequate base being leading cause of paving failure through settlement, surface unevenness, edge spreading, and paver cracking. Excavation must achieve adequate depth below finished paving level typically 200-300mm total allowing for base course thickness (150-200mm compacted), bedding layer (30-40mm), plus paver thickness. Subgrade (excavation bottom) should be stable, free from organic material, soft spots, or unsuitable soils - treat weak areas with additional excavation and replacement with suitable material, or geotextile fabric separation layer preventing base migration into soft subgrade. Base material specifications vary by application and traffic loads but commonly include crushed rock, road base, or recycled concrete meeting grading specifications typically 20mm nominal size with mix of larger aggregate and fines providing good compaction and stability. Pedestrian-only pathways may use minimum 100mm compacted base whilst residential driveways require 150mm and commercial or heavy traffic areas need 200mm or greater. Install base in layers maximum 100-150mm loose thickness as thicker lifts prevent adequate compaction of lower material. Compact each layer using plate compactor suitable for material type and layer thickness - single-plate compactors adequate for pedestrian paths whilst reversible or jumping-jack compactors required for deeper bases and higher traffic areas. Achieve specified compaction density typically 95% Standard Proctor maximum dry density for residential applications or 98% for commercial work. Test compaction using density meters, proof rolling with loaded vehicle, or penetration testing confirming adequate firmness. Maintain design drainage falls typically minimum 1:100 (1% or 10mm per metre) throughout base preparation ensuring water drains away from buildings and toward designated drainage points. Smooth final base surface removing irregularities, stones, or debris that could prevent uniform bedding layer thickness. Consider geotextile fabric between subgrade and base on weak soils or high water table conditions preventing base contamination and pumping. For clay-rich soils with poor drainage, consider installation of edge drains or gravel drainage layers preventing water accumulation beneath paving causing frost heave or base saturation. Allow base to settle overnight after compaction particularly after rainfall before proceeding with bedding layer installation.

How should heavy large-format pavers and natural stone be handled safely to prevent manual handling injuries?

Heavy pavers and natural stone require systematic manual handling controls preventing musculoskeletal injuries whilst ensuring material integrity and installation quality. Assess weight of all paving materials before handling - concrete pavers range from 2-3kg for small units to 30-40kg for large formats, whilst natural stone including granite and bluestone can exceed 50kg for large pieces. Establish mandatory two-person lift protocol for all pavers exceeding 20kg with clear communication before and during coordinated lifts ensuring synchronised movement. For extremely heavy stone exceeding 40-50kg, use mechanical aids including telehandlers with pallet fork attachments, vacuum lifters specifically designed for stone handling, or manual trolleys and dollies for moving positioned units. Position material delivery pallets as close to installation area as site access permits using telehandlers or forklifts minimising manual carrying distances. Arrange pallets at optimal working height using timber supports elevating stack to waist height reducing bending during retrieval from ground level. Use paver buggies or wheelbarrows with large pneumatic tyres for rough terrain transport moving multiple units per trip rather than individual carries. On sloped sites, position pallets at high side allowing pavers to be lowered downhill rather than carried uphill which substantially increases physical demands. Implement task rotation with workers alternating between paver laying requiring sustained kneeling, material transport requiring carrying, and cutting or preparation tasks varying muscle group loading and preventing sustained repetitive loading of same body structures. Provide adequate crew size ensuring sufficient workers for safe team lifting without pressure for individuals to attempt risky solo lifts of heavy materials. Use correct lifting technique for individual units: stand close to paver, bend knees maintaining straight back, grip securely using whole hand not just fingers, lift using leg muscles whilst keeping load close to body, avoid twisting whilst carrying load, lower using controlled knee bend not back flexion. Avoid overhead reaching to top of high pallet stacks - reposition pallets or use mechanical aids when retrieval height becomes awkward. Use kneeling pads protecting knees during sustained kneeling required for precision paver positioning and levelling. Schedule adequate breaks every 2 hours during intensive manual handling allowing muscle recovery and preventing fatigue that increases injury risk. Allow adequate project timeframes avoiding excessive production pressure that encourages risky manual handling practices to meet unrealistic deadlines. Consider ergonomic alternatives including smaller paver sizes, pre-assembled paver mats, or alternative construction methods if project involves sustained handling of extremely heavy materials.

What care and maintenance requirements should be communicated to clients after paving installation to ensure longevity and performance?

Client education on paving care and maintenance is essential for long-term performance and satisfaction with installed product. Provide written maintenance guidelines covering immediate post-installation requirements and ongoing care. Immediate post-installation period typically 7-14 days requires restricted traffic particularly avoiding heavy vehicles, sharp turning movements, or concentrated loads that could disturb pavers before complete settling and joint sand consolidation. Inspect joints after initial settling adding additional joint sand where consolidation has occurred leaving voids - sweep sand across surface forcing into joints until no further sand can be added. Some paving types particularly natural stone may benefit from sealing enhancing stain resistance, colour enhancement, and protection from weathering - recommend appropriate sealers for material type and client preferences regarding appearance (wet look, natural, or enhanced colour). Regular cleaning maintains appearance and prevents long-term staining or deterioration - sweep or blow debris regularly, occasionally wash with water and mild detergent, and remove stains promptly using appropriate cleaning methods for stain type and paver material. Oil stains require absorbent materials and degreasers, organic stains from leaves or vegetation may need oxidising cleaners, and efflorescence (white salt deposits) on concrete pavers requires specific efflorescence removers or dilute acid cleaning following manufacturer recommendations. Avoid high-pressure cleaning that can erode joints or damage paver surfaces - use appropriate pressure settings and technique if pressure washing is necessary. Monitor joint sand levels annually topping up where sand has been lost to weathering, traffic, or displacement - use matching sand type to original installation. Control weed growth in joints through regular sweeping, appropriate herbicide application avoiding drift onto adjacent planting, or polymeric sand that hardens resisting weed germination. Reset any pavers that become loose, uneven, or damaged addressing underlying cause which may include base settlement, edge restraint failure, or traffic loads exceeding design capacity. For permeable or porous paving systems, periodic vacuum cleaning or pressure washing maintains infiltration capacity preventing surface sealing from silt and debris accumulation. Avoid de-icing salts on paving in frost-prone areas as salt can cause deterioration particularly of natural stone and some concrete pavers - use sand for traction instead. Heavy vehicle traffic may require edge support enhancement, base strengthening, or transition to heavier-duty paving products. Provide contact information for qualified paving contractor if significant repairs, adjustments, or professional advice required.

Paving SWMS Sample

Professional SWMS created in 5 seconds with OneClickSWMS

Instant PDF & shareable link
Auto-filled risk matrix
Editable Word download
State-specific compliance
Digital signature ready
Version history preserved

Manual creation2-3 hours

OneClickSWMS5 seconds

Save 99% of admin time and eliminate manual errors.

Generate SWMS Now View sample SWMS

No credit card required • Instant access • Unlimited drafts included in every plan

PDF Sample

Risk Rating

BeforeHigh

After ControlsLow

Key Controls

• Pre-start briefing covering hazards
• PPE: hard hats, eye protection, gloves
• Emergency plan communicated to crew

Signature Ready

Capture digital signatures onsite and store revisions with automatic timestamps.

Continue exploring

Hand-picked SWMS resources

Landscape PlantingExplore →Landscaping IrrigationExplore →

Ready to deliver professional SWMS in minutes?

OneClickSWMS powers thousands of compliant projects every week. Join them today.

Join 2,000+ Protected Companies Explore Safety Guides

Paving Safe Work Method Statement

What this SWMS covers

Why this SWMS matters

Hazard identification

Manual Handling Injuries from Lifting Heavy Pavers and Materials

Silica Dust Exposure During Paver Cutting Operations

Cutting Tool Injuries from Saws and Grinders

Underground Service Strikes During Excavation

Heat Stress and UV Exposure During Outdoor Paving Work

Control measures

Wet Cutting Methods and Silica Dust Suppression

Mechanical Handling Aids and Load Reduction Strategies

Cutting Tool Safety and Guarding Requirements

Underground Service Location and Safe Excavation Procedures

Heat Stress Prevention and UV Protection Programme

Personal Protective Equipment for Paving Operations

Personal protective equipment

Inspections & checks

Before work starts

During work

After work

Step-by-step work procedure

Site Assessment, Service Location, and Excavation

Base Preparation and Compaction

Bedding Layer Installation and Screeding

Paver Laying and Pattern Installation

Edge Restraint Installation and Joint Filling

Final Inspection, Cleaning, and Documentation

Frequently asked questions

Related SWMS documents

ATV - Quad Bikes Safe Work Method Statement

Bark Blower Truck Safe Work Method Statement

Bites and Stings Prevention and Treatment Safe Work Method Statement

Forest Mulcher Attachment Safe Work Method Statement

Gang Mower Safe Work Method Statement

Garden Maintenance Safe Work Method Statement

Paving SWMS Sample

Continue exploring

Ready to deliver professional SWMS in minutes?