A Framework for Safe Storage, Handling, and Disposal

Hazardous Chemicals SWMS

Compliant with Australian WHS Regulations & GHS Standards

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This Safe Work Method Statement (SWMS) provides a general framework for managing the risks associated with using hazardous chemicals on a worksite. It is a mandatory requirement under Australian Work Health and Safety (WHS) laws to manage the risks of hazardous chemicals. This document outlines procedures for their safe storage, handling, use, and disposal, and is a critical tool for any PCBU whose workers interact with such substances.

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Overview

What this SWMS covers

The use of hazardous chemicals is integral to many work processes. This can include solvents for cleaning, acids for etching, pesticides for pest control, or paints and adhesives in construction. A hazardous chemical is any substance that has the potential to cause harm to health or safety. Managing these substances involves a lifecycle approach: procurement based on risk assessment, correct labelling and storage, safe handling and decanting procedures, controlled use with appropriate ventilation and PPE, and finally, compliant disposal of waste. This SWMS provides the overarching safety framework for all these stages.

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Why this SWMS matters

Under Australian WHS law, PCBUs have a strict duty to manage the risks associated with hazardous chemicals. The Globally Harmonized System (GHS) of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals is mandatory, requiring specific formats for labels and Safety Data Sheets (SDS). A SWMS is the practical implementation of the information found in the SDS. It translates the technical data into actionable safety procedures for workers. Failure to manage chemical risks can lead to severe health effects (from immediate burns to long-term cancers), environmental damage, and significant legal penalties. This SWMS is the cornerstone of a compliant chemical management system, ensuring workers are informed, protected, and prepared for emergencies.

Reinforce licensing, insurance, and regulator expectations for Hazardous Chemicals crews before they mobilise.

Hazard identification

Surface the critical risks tied to this work scope and communicate them to every worker.

Risk register

Chemical Burns to Skin and Eyes

high

Direct contact with corrosive chemicals (e.g., strong acids, alkalis) can cause immediate and severe tissue damage.

Consequence: Severe pain, permanent scarring, blindness, or loss of limbs.

Inhalation of Toxic Fumes, Vapours, or Dusts

high

Breathing in airborne contaminants from solvents, pesticides, or dusts can damage the respiratory system and be absorbed into the bloodstream, affecting other organs.

Consequence: Dizziness, respiratory failure, neurological damage, long-term diseases like cancer, or death.

Fire and Explosion

high

Flammable chemicals can be ignited by sparks, hot surfaces, or static electricity, leading to a fire or explosion, especially in poorly ventilated areas.

Consequence: Severe burns, fatalities, and widespread property damage.

Environmental Contamination

high

Improper disposal or large spills of chemicals can contaminate soil and waterways, causing significant harm to the environment.

Consequence: Ecological damage, large fines from the EPA, and expensive clean-up orders.

Control measures

Deploy layered controls aligned to the hierarchy of hazard management.

Implementation guide

Safety Data Sheet (SDS) and Risk Assessment

Administrative

Use the SDS as the primary source of information to conduct a risk assessment before any chemical is used.

Implementation

1. Maintain a register of all hazardous chemicals on site. 2. Ensure a current SDS (less than 5 years old) is readily accessible for every chemical. 3. Train all workers on how to read and understand an SDS. 4. Use the information in the SDS to select appropriate controls, PPE, and emergency procedures.

Correct Labelling and Segregated Storage

Administrative

Ensure all chemicals are correctly labelled and stored to prevent accidental misuse and dangerous reactions.

Implementation

1. Ensure all containers are labelled in accordance with the GHS, showing product name, pictograms, and hazard statements. 2. Store chemicals in a designated, well-ventilated, and secured area. 3. Segregate incompatible chemicals (e.g., keep flammables away from oxidisers) using a segregation chart. 4. Store flammable liquids in a compliant flammable goods cabinet.

Use of Appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

PPE

Select and use PPE based on the specific hazards identified in the SDS.

Implementation

1. Select gloves made of a material resistant to the specific chemical being used (e.g., nitrile, neoprene). 2. Use chemical splash goggles and a face shield when decanting or mixing. 3. Use a respirator with the correct cartridge type (e.g., organic vapour, acid gas) for the specific airborne contaminant. 4. Ensure all PPE is clean, in good condition, and workers are trained in its correct use.

Emergency Preparedness: Spill Kits and First Aid

Administrative

Be prepared to respond safely and effectively to chemical spills and exposures.

Implementation

1. Maintain fully stocked chemical spill kits appropriate for the types of chemicals on site. 2. Ensure an emergency eyewash station and safety shower are located within a 10-second walk from the work area. 3. Train all workers in spill response and first aid procedures for chemical exposure. 4. Display emergency contact numbers and first aid information prominently.

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Personal protective equipment

Chemical Splash Goggles

Requirement: AS/NZS 1337.1

When: Mandatory when handling, decanting, or mixing any liquid hazardous chemical.

Chemical-Resistant Gloves

Requirement: AS/NZS 2161

When: Required for any task involving potential skin contact. The specific type must be chosen based on the SDS.

Respiratory Protection

Requirement: AS/NZS 1716

When: Required when working with volatile chemicals or in poorly ventilated areas. Cartridge type must match the hazard.

Face Shield

Requirement: AS/NZS 1337.1

When: To be worn over goggles when there is a high risk of splashing, such as when decanting corrosive liquids.

Chemical-Resistant Apron or Coveralls

Requirement: N/A

When: When handling large quantities of chemicals or when there is a significant risk of splashes.

Inspections & checks

Before work starts

✓Confirm the SDS for the chemical is available and has been read.
✓Check that all required PPE is available, fits correctly, and is in good condition.
✓Inspect the work area to ensure it is well-ventilated and free of ignition sources.
✓Verify the location and functionality of the nearest spill kit, eyewash station, and fire extinguisher.

During work

✓Monitor the work area for any signs of spills or leaks.
✓Ensure containers are kept sealed when not in use to minimise vapour release.
✓Observe workers to ensure correct PPE use and safe handling procedures are being followed.
✓Ensure no eating, drinking, or smoking occurs in the chemical handling area.

After work

✓Ensure all chemical containers are securely sealed and returned to the designated storage area.
✓Decontaminate or dispose of used PPE correctly.
✓Clean the work area of any residue.
✓Dispose of all chemical waste and empty containers in accordance with EPA regulations.

Step-by-step work procedure

Give supervisors and crews a clear, auditable sequence for the task.

Field ready

Information Gathering (Read the SDS)

Before any physical work begins, obtain and thoroughly read the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for the chemical. Identify the key hazards (pictograms, hazard statements), required PPE, first aid measures, and spill response procedures. This information forms the basis for your risk assessment.

Safety considerations

An out-of-date or missing SDS means you cannot proceed safely. Do not use a chemical without understanding its specific risks.

Prepare the Work Area and PPE

Select a well-ventilated area, away from drains, incompatible substances, and ignition sources. Assemble all required PPE as specified in the SDS. Ensure the spill kit and first aid facilities (eyewash) are immediately accessible.

Safety considerations

Poor ventilation is a primary cause of inhalation injuries. Setting up your safety equipment beforehand is critical for a timely emergency response.

Handling and Use of the Chemical

Wear all required PPE. Carefully decant or mix the chemical, avoiding splashes. Use only the amount required for the immediate task. Keep containers sealed when not actively dispensing. Apply or use the chemical as per the manufacturer's instructions.

Safety considerations

Always add acid to water, never the other way around. Pour slowly and carefully to minimise splashing and vapour generation.

Spill Response

In the event of a spill, immediately alert others in the area. Wearing appropriate PPE, contain the spill using absorbent material from the spill kit, working from the outside in. Collect the contaminated absorbent material in a designated hazardous waste bag or drum.

Safety considerations

Do not wash a spill into a drain. Using the wrong absorbent material can sometimes cause a dangerous reaction.

Storage and Waste Disposal

After use, securely seal the chemical container and return it to its designated, segregated storage location. All chemical waste, including empty containers and contaminated materials from spills, must be treated as hazardous waste. Place it in a labelled, sealed container for collection by a licensed waste disposal contractor.

Safety considerations

Empty containers are never truly empty and can contain hazardous residues and vapours. Never reuse empty chemical containers for other purposes.

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Frequently asked questions

What is an SDS and why is it so important?

A Safety Data Sheet (SDS) is a document that provides detailed information about a hazardous chemical. It includes its identity, health and physical hazards, safe handling and storage procedures, emergency measures, and disposal considerations. It is the most important source of information for managing chemical risks.

What does the GHS mean for chemical labels?

The Globally Harmonized System (GHS) standardises how chemical hazards are communicated. For labels, it means you will see specific signal words ('Danger' or 'Warning'), hazard pictograms (e.g., flame, skull and crossbones), and hazard/precautionary statements. This consistency makes it easier to quickly understand the risks.

What should I do if I splash a chemical in my eye?

Immediately go to the nearest emergency eyewash station and flush your eye with clean, flowing water for at least 15 minutes. Keep your eyelid open during flushing. Have someone call for medical assistance while you are flushing. Do not rub your eye.

How do I know which chemicals should not be stored together?

The SDS for each chemical will provide information on incompatible materials. As a general rule, you should use a chemical segregation chart. For example, flammable liquids should be stored separately from oxidising agents, and acids should be stored separately from bases (alkalis).

Overview of Working with Hazardous Chemicals

Working with hazardous chemicals is a common activity across many industries, including construction, manufacturing, cleaning, and agriculture. These substances can be flammable, corrosive, toxic, or carcinogenic. Tasks may include decanting, mixing, spraying, cleaning with, or disposing of chemicals. The risks are significant, ranging from immediate effects like chemical burns and respiratory distress to long-term health problems. A systematic approach is required to ensure chemicals are used safely and that workers are protected from exposure.

Why a SWMS is Crucial for Chemical Safety

A SWMS for hazardous chemicals is non-negotiable because of the severe and often irreversible harm they can cause. A single incident, such as a chemical splash to the eyes or the inhalation of toxic fumes, can have lifelong consequences. This SWMS is a legal and moral imperative that ensures a business has a documented, systematic process for managing chemical risks. It mandates critical controls like ensuring Safety Data Sheets (SDS) are available, workers are trained, correct PPE is selected, storage is compliant, and emergency procedures (spill kits, eyewash stations) are in place. It is the primary document used to demonstrate WHS compliance and to prevent devastating chemical-related injuries and illnesses.

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