Comprehensive SWMS for Internal Strip-Out and Soft Demolition Works

Soft Demolition Safe Work Method Statement

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Soft demolition, also known as strip-out or soft strip, involves the systematic removal of non-structural building elements, fixtures, fittings, and services from buildings prior to major renovation or structural demolition. This controlled dismantling work removes internal partitions, suspended ceilings, mechanical and electrical services, floor coverings, fixtures, and architectural finishes while preserving the structural integrity of the building. Soft demolition requires careful planning to identify asbestos and hazardous materials, coordinate service disconnections, manage manual handling risks, and control dust and debris. This SWMS addresses the specific safety requirements for soft demolition operations in accordance with Australian WHS legislation, providing detailed hazard controls, work procedures, and waste management protocols.

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Overview

What this SWMS covers

Soft demolition encompasses the removal of non-structural elements from buildings in preparation for renovation, refurbishment, or complete structural demolition. Unlike structural demolition that removes load-bearing walls, columns, and structural floors, soft demolition focuses on stripping internal fixtures, fittings, services, partitions, and finishes while maintaining the building's structural integrity. This work typically represents the first phase of major renovation projects, allowing new construction to proceed within a cleared building shell, or precedes structural demolition by removing valuable salvageable materials and hazardous substances before heavy machinery demolition commences. Typical soft demolition activities include removing suspended ceiling systems including tiles, grids, and hangers, stripping floor coverings such as carpet, vinyl, timber flooring, and tiles, dismantling non-load-bearing internal partitions constructed from plasterboard, timber framing, or modular partition systems, removing fixtures including joinery, shelving, handrails, and architectural features, disconnecting and removing mechanical services such as air conditioning units, ductwork, and ventilation systems, removing electrical fixtures including light fittings, switches, power outlets, and cable trays, stripping plumbing fixtures and pipework while ensuring water supply is adequately isolated, removing door sets, frames, and architectural hardware, and stripping wall and ceiling linings exposing structural framing or masonry beneath. Soft demolition projects vary enormously in scale from small office fitouts involving removal of workstations and ceiling tiles, through entire floor strip-outs in commercial buildings requiring systematic removal of all non-structural elements, to complete building strip-outs preparing industrial facilities or multi-storey office buildings for major renovation or demolition. The work often occurs in occupied buildings requiring strict dust control, noise management, and protection of adjacent tenanted areas continuing normal operations. Timing pressures are common as soft demolition must be completed before subsequent trades can commence renovation work, creating incentive for rushed work that increases safety risks. Soft demolition requires careful pre-work assessment to identify asbestos-containing materials requiring licensed removal before general strip-out commences. Buildings constructed before 1990 frequently contain asbestos in ceiling tiles, vinyl floor tiles, pipe lagging, electrical switchboards, and partition wall sheeting. Service isolation is critical—electrical power, water supply, gas services, fire protection systems, and communications services must be correctly identified, isolated, and verified dead before demolition activities commence. Coordination with building management and service authorities ensures essential services to other building areas are maintained while demolition zones are safely isolated. Waste management planning identifies opportunities for salvage and recycling of materials including metals, timber, fixtures, and architectural features, reducing disposal costs and environmental impact while complying with waste management regulations.

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Why this SWMS matters

Soft demolition presents substantial safety hazards despite not involving structural demolition requiring the same level of engineering assessment as structural work. Manual handling injuries represent the most common hazard in soft demolition work, with workers repeatedly lifting and carrying fixtures, partition materials, ceiling components, and debris throughout sustained demolition operations. The cumulative effect of lifting numerous items each weighing 5-25kg over 8-10 hour shifts causes lower back strain, shoulder injuries, and musculoskeletal disorders. Awkward postures while working overhead removing ceilings, bending to remove floor coverings, and working in confined spaces removing services compound manual handling risks. Australian WHS legislation requires elimination or minimisation of manual handling risks through work design, mechanical aids, and task rotation. Asbestos exposure presents the most serious health hazard in soft demolition of existing buildings. Many buildings constructed before 1990 contain asbestos in various forms including friable asbestos in sprayed insulation, pipe lagging, and thermal insulation requiring Class A licensed removal, and non-friable asbestos in ceiling tiles, vinyl floor tiles, cement sheeting, and electrical switchboards. Disturbing asbestos-containing materials during soft demolition without proper identification and licensed removal procedures exposes workers to respirable asbestos fibres causing mesothelioma, asbestosis, and lung cancer, all potentially fatal diseases with latency periods of 10-40 years. Recent amendments to Australian asbestos regulations have strengthened requirements for asbestos surveys before any demolition commences, with severe penalties including fines exceeding $600,000 and imprisonment for individuals conducting demolition work that disturbs asbestos without appropriate licenses and controls. Falls from height occur during ceiling removal, light fitting disconnection, and air conditioning removal requiring access to elevated positions. Unlike new construction with purpose-designed access equipment, soft demolition often involves improvised access using stepladders, A-frame ladders, or mobile scaffolds in confined spaces cluttered with furniture, debris, and removed materials. Workers removing ceiling tiles often overreach from ladders to access distant tiles rather than repositioning equipment, creating overbalancing risk. Falls from 2-3 metres while working on ladders or elevated work platforms cause serious injuries including head trauma, fractures, and spinal injuries even when non-fatal. Safe Work Australia statistics indicate falls from height remain a leading cause of serious injury and fatality in construction industry including demolition work. Electrical hazards exist throughout soft demolition particularly when removing electrical fixtures, light fittings, switches, and power outlets. Inadequate isolation of electrical circuits before commencing removal work exposes workers to electrocution risk from contact with live conductors. Assumptions about circuit isolation prove fatal when workers rely on turning off switches rather than verified isolation at the distribution board with lockout procedures. The presence of undocumented circuits, emergency power circuits remaining energized, or incorrectly labelled switchboards creates additional electrical hazards. Regulations require licensed electricians to perform electrical disconnection work, but demolition workers often encounter concealed electrical wiring during partition removal or ceiling demolition creating contact risks. Dust generation from soft demolition activities creates respiratory hazards and environmental nuisance. Removing ceiling tiles, stripping plasterboard partitions, and pulling up floor coverings generates substantial dust containing crystalline silica from cement-based materials, mineral fibers from insulation products, and various particulates from accumulated building dirt and debris. In the absence of adequate dust suppression and extraction, workers inhale this dust mixture causing respiratory irritation and, with cumulative exposure, chronic respiratory disease. When soft demolition occurs in occupied buildings, dust migration to adjacent tenanted areas creates health hazards for building occupants and generates complaints requiring work stoppages. Environmental regulations and building management requirements demand effective dust control through containment barriers, extraction systems, and dust suppression methods. A comprehensive SWMS implementing the hierarchy of controls addresses these serious safety and health hazards protecting workers and building occupants during soft demolition operations.

Reinforce licensing, insurance, and regulator expectations for Soft Demolition Safe Work Method Statement crews before they mobilise.

Hazard identification

Surface the critical risks tied to this work scope and communicate them to every worker.

Risk register

Manual Handling Injuries from Repetitive Lifting

High

Soft demolition involves sustained repetitive manual handling of fixtures, fittings, partition materials, ceiling components, and debris throughout extended work shifts. Workers repeatedly lift and carry items weighing 5-25kg including ceiling tiles, partition studs, plasterboard sheets, fixtures, and debris bags. The cumulative effect of hundreds of lifting and carrying movements over 8-10 hour shifts creates significant musculoskeletal strain. Awkward postures compound manual handling risks including overhead work removing ceilings, bending and stooping to remove floor coverings, twisting while carrying materials through doorways and corridors, and working in confined spaces with limited room for safe body positioning.

Consequence: Lower back strain and disc injuries from cumulative lifting and awkward postures. Shoulder injuries including rotator cuff damage from overhead work. Knee and hip injuries from sustained squatting and kneeling during floor covering removal. Acute injuries from dropped materials. Chronic musculoskeletal disorders developing over sustained exposure to manual handling demands.

Asbestos Exposure from Disturbed Building Materials

High

Buildings constructed before 1990 frequently contain asbestos in ceiling tiles, vinyl floor tiles, partition sheeting, pipe lagging, electrical switchboards, and sprayed insulation. Disturbing these materials during soft demolition without proper identification and licensed removal releases respirable asbestos fibres that can be inhaled into lungs. Even brief exposure to asbestos contributes to cumulative lifetime dose increasing risk of mesothelioma, asbestosis, and lung cancer. These diseases have latency periods of 10-40 years, meaning exposure during demolition work manifests as fatal disease decades later. Visual identification of asbestos is unreliable—materials must be tested by accredited laboratories before demolition commences.

Consequence: Mesothelioma, an invariably fatal cancer affecting lung lining and abdominal cavity with no cure. Asbestosis causing progressive lung scarring, respiratory failure, and death. Lung cancer associated with asbestos exposure. These diseases typically manifest 10-40 years after exposure and result in painful death. Prosecution and substantial fines for companies and individuals conducting demolition without asbestos surveys and licensed removal.

Falls from Stepladders and Elevated Work Platforms

Medium

Soft demolition frequently requires elevated access to remove ceiling systems, light fittings, air conditioning units, and upper-level partitions. Workers use stepladders, A-frame ladders, or mobile elevated work platforms in spaces often cluttered with furniture, debris, and removed materials creating unstable footing. Overreaching from ladders to access distant ceiling tiles or fixtures rather than repositioning access equipment creates overbalancing risk. Working with both hands occupied holding removed items while descending ladders eliminates secure three-point contact. Cluttered work areas make safe ladder placement difficult and create trip hazards around ladder base.

Consequence: Head injuries and concussion from falls onto concrete floors or impact with furniture and fixtures. Fractures to arms, wrists, shoulders, and ankles from impact during falls. Spinal injuries including vertebral fractures from falls onto debris or awkward landings. Lacerations and puncture wounds from falling onto tools, materials, or building fixtures. Falls from 2-3 metres frequently cause injuries requiring hospitalization.

Electrical Shock from Inadequate Service Isolation

High

Removing electrical fixtures, switches, power outlets, light fittings, and ceiling-mounted services exposes workers to live electrical conductors if circuits are not properly isolated before work commences. Relying on local switches rather than verified isolation at distribution board leaves circuits potentially energized. Undocumented circuits, incorrectly labelled switchboards, emergency lighting circuits on separate supply, and circuits serving adjacent areas that were not isolated create electrocution risk. Contact with live conductors can occur when removing light fittings, disconnecting power outlets, cutting into partition walls containing concealed wiring, or when demolition tools contact cables.

Consequence: Electrocution causing cardiac arrest and death. Serious electrical burns requiring surgical treatment and skin grafts. Neurological damage from electrical current passing through body. Falls from height triggered by electrical shock while working on ladders or elevated platforms. Secondary injuries from involuntary muscle contractions caused by electrical current.

Dust Generation and Respiratory Exposure

Medium

Soft demolition generates substantial dust from removing ceiling tiles, stripping plasterboard partitions, pulling up floor coverings, and general demolition activities. Dust contains crystalline silica from cement-based materials, mineral fibres from insulation products, mold spores from damp materials, and accumulated dirt and debris. Without dust suppression and extraction controls, airborne dust concentrations exceed safe exposure limits causing respiratory irritation and, with sustained exposure, chronic respiratory disease. In occupied buildings, dust migration to adjacent tenanted areas creates health hazards for building occupants and generates complaints requiring work stoppages.

Consequence: Acute respiratory irritation causing coughing, throat irritation, and breathing difficulty. Eye irritation and conjunctivitis from dust exposure. Chronic respiratory disease including silicosis from crystalline silica exposure in cement-based materials. Exacerbation of pre-existing respiratory conditions including asthma. Building management complaints and work stoppages if dust control is inadequate in occupied buildings.

Struck by Falling Materials and Fixtures

Medium

Removing ceiling systems, light fittings, air conditioning units, and upper-level fixtures creates struck-by hazards for workers below. Ceiling tiles, light fittings, ductwork sections, and partition materials can fall during removal particularly if fixings fail unexpectedly or materials break during dismantling. Workers removing materials often drop items accidentally or deliberately throw debris to floor level creating hazards for workers in lower areas. Heavy fixtures including air conditioning units weighing 50-100kg pose serious struck-by risk if mounting systems fail during removal or items are dropped during lowering.

Consequence: Head injuries including concussion, skull fractures, and traumatic brain injury from impact with falling fixtures. Shoulder and upper body injuries from impact with falling materials. Lacerations and puncture wounds from falling debris with sharp edges. Fractures to hands, arms, and feet from dropped fixtures or materials. Serious crush injuries if heavy items such as air conditioning units fall on workers.

Control measures

Deploy layered controls aligned to the hierarchy of hazard management.

Implementation guide

Mandatory Asbestos Survey Before Demolition

Elimination

Eliminate asbestos exposure risk by conducting comprehensive asbestos survey identifying all asbestos-containing materials before any demolition work commences. Licensed asbestos assessor must inspect the building, collect samples of suspect materials, and provide detailed asbestos register showing locations, types, and condition of identified asbestos. All identified asbestos must be removed by licensed asbestos removalists (Class A for friable asbestos, Class A or B for non-friable asbestos) before general soft demolition begins. This elimination control is mandatory under Australian WHS regulations and represents the only acceptable approach to asbestos management in demolition work.

Implementation

1. Engage licensed asbestos assessor to conduct building inspection and sampling before demolition planning 2. Provide assessor with building plans, construction date, and any previous asbestos reports available 3. Obtain detailed asbestos register identifying all asbestos-containing materials with locations, types, and quantities 4. Review asbestos register with all workers before commencing demolition ensuring awareness of identified materials 5. Engage licensed asbestos removalists to remove all identified asbestos before general demolition authorization 6. Obtain asbestos removal completion certificates and clearance certificates before soft demolition commences 7. Display asbestos clearance certificates on site confirming building is safe for general demolition work 8. Train all workers in asbestos awareness and procedures if suspect materials are discovered during demolition

Mechanical Handling and Material Chutes for Debris

Engineering Control

Install mechanical handling systems including material chutes, hoists, or elevators to remove demolished materials eliminating manual carrying of debris down stairs or through buildings. Material chutes allow debris to be dropped from upper floors directly into skip bins at ground level. Platform trolleys and wheeled bins enable mechanical transport of materials on single floor levels. Pallet jacks or hand trucks transport bundled materials. These engineering controls eliminate repetitive manual carrying of debris substantially reducing manual handling injury risk.

Implementation

1. Install enclosed material chutes from upper floors discharging into skip bins at ground level for multi-storey projects 2. Position skip bins directly beneath chute discharge points for continuous debris disposal without manual handling 3. Provide platform trolleys and wheeled bins for horizontal transport of debris on single floor levels 4. Use pallet jacks for moving bundled materials such as stacked ceiling tiles or packaged fixtures 5. Schedule crane or hoist access for removing heavy items including air conditioning units, large fixtures, and bundled materials 6. Establish designated debris collection points minimizing carry distance from demolition areas 7. Brief all workers on mechanical handling equipment availability and correct usage procedures 8. Maintain material chutes ensuring secure fixing and clear discharge area preventing struck-by hazards

Verified Electrical Isolation by Licensed Electrician

Elimination

Eliminate electrical hazards by engaging licensed electrician to identify, isolate, and verify dead all electrical circuits serving demolition areas before any electrical fixture removal or partition demolition commences. Electrician must isolate circuits at distribution board, apply lockout devices preventing re-energization, and use voltage testing equipment to verify circuits are dead. Tag all isolated circuits clearly and maintain electrical isolation throughout demolition work. This elimination control prevents electrocution from contact with energized conductors during demolition operations.

Implementation

1. Engage licensed electrician to survey electrical systems and identify all circuits serving demolition areas 2. Obtain electrical drawings or conduct circuit tracing identifying all electrical services in work zones 3. Isolate identified circuits at main distribution board using circuit breakers or removing fuses 4. Apply lockout devices to isolated circuits preventing unauthorized re-energization during demolition 5. Use voltage testing equipment to verify dead condition at multiple points throughout demolished area 6. Apply danger tags to isolated circuits identifying demolition work in progress and prohibition on re-energization 7. Provide copy of electrical isolation certificate to demolition supervisor before work authorization 8. Re-verify electrical isolation daily before commencing work and after any building electrical work by others

Mobile Scaffold and Elevated Work Platforms for Ceiling Work

Substitution

Substitute stepladders with mobile scaffolding or elevated work platforms providing larger stable work surfaces and guardrails for ceiling removal and elevated fixture dismantling. Mobile scaffolds with platform areas minimum 1.2m x 2.4m allow workers to move across ceiling areas without constant repositioning. Guardrails prevent falls from platform edges. Elevated work platforms with boom access provide safe access to high-level services. This substitution control provides superior fall protection compared to ladder access reducing fall risk substantially.

Implementation

1. Provide mobile scaffold towers with platform size minimum 1.2m x 2.4m for ceiling removal operations 2. Ensure scaffold platforms include perimeter guardrails and toe boards preventing falls and materials dropping 3. Verify scaffold assembly by competent person before use checking stability, guardrail integrity, and load capacity 4. Position scaffolds on level ground using adjustable feet achieving stable platform before workers ascend 5. Use elevated work platforms with boom or scissor lift access for high-level services exceeding scaffold height 6. Ensure elevated work platform operators hold appropriate high-risk work licenses for equipment operated 7. Maintain three points of contact when ascending and descending scaffold access ladders 8. Reposition mobile scaffolds as needed maintaining safe working position without overreaching beyond guardrails

Dust Control Through Containment and Extraction

Engineering Control

Control dust generation through containment barriers isolating demolition areas from occupied spaces, negative pressure ventilation extracting dust-laden air, and water suppression methods damping dust during demolition activities. Install plastic sheeting barriers with zippered access doors creating sealed demolition zones. Use HEPA-filtered negative air machines extracting air from demolition areas and discharging outside building creating slight negative pressure preventing dust migration. Spray water mist on materials during demolition damping dust. These engineering controls reduce airborne dust concentrations protecting workers and preventing dust migration to adjacent areas.

Implementation

1. Install floor-to-ceiling plastic sheeting barriers around demolition areas creating containment zones 2. Seal all gaps, doorways, and penetrations in containment barriers using tape and expanding foam 3. Install zippered doors in containment barriers providing worker access without compromising seal 4. Position HEPA-filtered negative air machines exhausting air from containment zone to building exterior 5. Operate negative air machines continuously throughout demolition work maintaining slight negative pressure 6. Use pump-up sprayers or hose connections providing water mist during dusty demolition activities 7. Wet materials before removal particularly ceiling tiles, plasterboard, and floor coverings generating dust 8. Monitor dust levels in adjacent occupied areas halting work if dust migration occurs despite containment

Task Rotation and Manual Handling Training

Administrative Control

Control manual handling injury risk through task rotation between different activities varying physical demands, manual handling training teaching correct lifting techniques, and scheduled breaks preventing fatigue accumulation. Rotate workers between ceiling removal requiring overhead work, floor covering removal requiring bending work, and debris handling requiring carrying. Schedule breaks every 90-120 minutes during sustained manual handling activities. These administrative controls reduce cumulative musculoskeletal strain from sustained repetitive manual handling.

Implementation

1. Rotate workers between different demolition tasks at 2-hour intervals varying physical demands 2. Provide manual handling training covering correct lifting techniques, team lifting, and load limits 3. Establish maximum manual handling loads of 20kg for individual lifts without team assistance 4. Require team lifting using minimum two workers for loads exceeding 20kg or awkward items 5. Schedule 10-minute breaks every 90 minutes during sustained manual handling activities 6. Conduct stretching exercises during breaks targeting back, shoulders, arms, and leg muscle groups 7. Plan work sequences minimizing carry distances from demolition areas to debris collection points 8. Monitor workers for signs of fatigue or overexertion rotating tasks or extending breaks as needed

Download complete control procedures

Personal protective equipment

Requirement: AS/NZS 1716 P2 rating for nuisance dust protection

When: Required during all soft demolition activities generating dust from ceiling removal, partition demolition, and floor covering removal

Requirement: AS/NZS 1337 medium impact rated with side protection

When: Required during all demolition activities providing protection from dust, debris, and falling materials

Requirement: AS/NZS 2161.4 Level 2 cut resistance with good dexterity

When: Required when handling sharp materials including metal fixtures, glass, broken tiles, and demolished materials with sharp edges

Requirement: AS/NZS 2210.3 Category 1 impact protection with slip resistance

When: Throughout all soft demolition activities protecting feet from dropped materials, protruding nails, and debris

Requirement: AS/NZS 1801 Type 1 hard hat for overhead hazards

When: Required when working beneath ceiling removal operations or when overhead demolition activities create falling object hazards

Requirement: AS/NZS 4602.1 Day Class D garment

When: When working in areas with waste removal vehicles, forklifts, or machinery operation requiring worker visibility

Inspections & checks

Before work starts

✓Verify asbestos survey has been completed and asbestos clearance certificates obtained before demolition authorization
✓Confirm electrical services have been isolated by licensed electrician with lockout devices applied to circuits
✓Check water supply isolation has been completed by plumber with drainage systems capped or plugged
✓Inspect access equipment including scaffolds, ladders, and elevated work platforms for serviceability and stability
✓Verify dust containment barriers are installed and sealed if working in occupied building requiring dust control
✓Confirm waste collection skips or bins are positioned and accessible for debris disposal
✓Check that mechanical handling equipment including trolleys, chutes, and hoists are available and functional
✓Ensure all required PPE is available including respirators, safety glasses, gloves, and hard hats for all workers
✓Verify first aid facilities are accessible and emergency contact numbers are displayed in work area
✓Review work sequence and coordination with other trades or building occupants requiring protection measures

During work

✓Monitor dust containment effectiveness checking for dust migration to adjacent areas in occupied buildings
✓Verify workers are using designated access equipment rather than improvised access or overreaching from ladders
✓Check electrical isolation remains effective with lockout devices undisturbed and circuits verified dead
✓Observe manual handling practices intervening if unsafe lifting techniques or excessive loads are observed
✓Inspect work areas for accumulation of debris creating trip hazards or impeding safe access routes
✓Monitor workers for correct PPE use including respirators, safety glasses, and gloves during demolition activities
✓Verify material chutes or hoists remain securely fixed and safely operational throughout work period
✓Check for any suspect asbestos materials encountered during demolition halting work for assessment if identified
✓Monitor worker fatigue during sustained manual handling operations enforcing scheduled breaks
✓Ensure waste segregation is occurring with recyclable materials separated from general demolition waste

After work

✓Inspect work area for any remaining hazards including protruding nails, sharp materials, or unstable surfaces
✓Verify all waste and debris has been removed from work area and disposed of in designated collection bins
✓Check that any exposed electrical wiring has been made safe by electrician with conductors terminated and protected
✓Ensure exposed plumbing has been capped or plugged preventing water leaks or contamination entry
✓Inspect structural elements for any unexpected damage requiring engineering assessment before subsequent work
✓Verify dust containment barriers can be removed safely without releasing accumulated dust from sealed areas
✓Clean work area and adjacent circulation spaces removing dust and debris using HEPA-filtered vacuums or wet methods
✓Document work completed including quantities removed, waste disposed, and any variations from planned scope
✓Report any near-misses, safety concerns, or unexpected conditions discovered during demolition work
✓Store access equipment and tools securely preparing for next work phase or returning to storage areas

Step-by-step work procedure

Give supervisors and crews a clear, auditable sequence for the task.

Field ready

Pre-Demolition Assessment and Asbestos Survey

Conduct comprehensive pre-demolition assessment identifying all materials to be removed, structural elements requiring protection, services requiring isolation, and hazardous materials requiring special handling. Engage licensed asbestos assessor to inspect building and test suspect materials before any demolition planning proceeds. The asbestos survey must identify all asbestos-containing materials including ceiling tiles, vinyl floor tiles, partition sheeting, pipe lagging, electrical components, and any other materials containing asbestos. The assessor provides asbestos register documenting locations, types (friable or non-friable), quantities, and condition of identified asbestos. Review survey findings with all workers ensuring awareness of asbestos locations. Engage licensed asbestos removalists to remove all identified asbestos obtaining removal completion certificates and clearance certificates before soft demolition commences. Arrange structural engineering assessment if demolition involves removing elements that may affect building stability even if elements appear non-structural. Document building conditions before demolition through photographs and written records protecting against false damage claims. Identify and mark services including electrical circuits, water supply, gas lines, fire protection systems, and data communications for isolation or protection. Coordinate with building management regarding work hours, access restrictions, noise limitations, and dust control requirements particularly in occupied buildings.

Safety considerations

Never commence demolition before asbestos survey completion and clearance certificates are obtained. Assume all buildings constructed before 1990 contain asbestos until proven otherwise by testing. Engage only licensed asbestos assessors holding current licenses—verify licenses before appointment. Review structural elements carefully—materials appearing non-structural may provide lateral bracing or support. Identify confined spaces requiring permits before entry during demolition work. Note locations of fragile roof areas, floor openings, and other fall hazards existing before demolition.

Service Isolation and Disconnection

Isolate and disconnect all building services serving demolition areas before physical demolition work commences. Engage licensed electrician to identify electrical circuits serving work areas, isolate circuits at distribution board, apply lockout devices preventing re-energization, and verify dead condition using voltage testing equipment. Obtain electrical isolation certificate from electrician before demolition authorization. Engage licensed plumber to isolate water supply to demolished areas, drain down systems to prevent water spillage during fixture removal, cap or plug drainage systems preventing contamination entry or odour escape, and disconnect and remove plumbing fixtures safely. For gas services, engage licensed gas fitter to isolate and disconnect gas appliances and pipework ensuring complete isolation from gas supply. Coordinate with fire services provider to isolate or modify fire protection systems affected by demolition ensuring required fire protection remains operational throughout work. Arrange telecommunication and data service providers to disconnect or relocate services before demolition damages cables or equipment. Mark all isolated services clearly using tags and signage identifying service type, isolation status, and prohibition against unauthorized re-energization. Maintain electrical lockout throughout demolition work removing lockout only when demolition is complete and electrician is ready to restore services or remove isolated circuits permanently. Document all service isolations with certificates and permits maintained on site throughout work.

Safety considerations

Only licensed electricians may isolate electrical services—do not attempt electrical isolation without appropriate licensing. Verify electrical isolation using voltage testing equipment—never rely on visual inspection or switch positions alone. Test for voltage at multiple points throughout demolished area confirming complete isolation. Apply personal lockout devices in addition to primary isolation preventing unauthorized re-energization. Assume all plumbing contains water until drained and verified empty. Treat all gas services as potentially live until licensed gas fitter confirms isolation. Never cut into walls or ceilings without verifying services are isolated—concealed wiring and pipework create serious hazards if damaged.

Dust Containment and Work Area Setup

Install dust containment barriers creating sealed demolition zones preventing dust migration to adjacent areas particularly in occupied buildings. Install floor-to-ceiling plastic sheeting barriers (minimum 200 micron thickness) around demolition areas securing sheeting to floors, walls, and ceilings using duct tape creating continuous seal. Install zippered access doors in containment barriers at strategic locations providing worker access and material removal without compromising containment seal. Seal all gaps, penetrations, doorways, windows, and services penetrations using plastic sheeting and tape preventing air leakage. Install negative air machines (HEPA-filtered air scrubbers) exhausting air from containment zone to building exterior creating slight negative pressure preventing dust migration through minor seal imperfections. Position air machine exhaust discharge away from building air intakes, operable windows, and pedestrian areas. Operate negative air machines continuously throughout demolition work monitoring pressure differential using smoke tubes or pressure gauges confirming negative pressure is maintained. Establish decontamination procedures for workers exiting containment zones including brushing down clothing, removing dust-contaminated PPE, and cleaning footwear before entering clean areas. Set up waste collection areas inside containment zones minimizing dust generation during waste removal. Position mechanical handling equipment including trolleys, bins, and material chutes for efficient waste removal. Install warning signage around containment barriers identifying demolition work in progress, asbestos removal completion status, and authorized access restrictions.

Safety considerations

Ensure containment barriers are complete before any dust-generating demolition commences. Test containment seal integrity using smoke tubes checking for air leakage points requiring additional sealing. Verify negative air machines are HEPA-filtered preventing release of filtered dust to atmosphere. Monitor negative pressure continuously throughout work—loss of negative pressure indicates seal failure requiring investigation. Provide adequate containment access points preventing workers from bypassing sealed areas. Ensure emergency egress routes remain accessible despite containment barriers. Position fire extinguishers inside containment zones maintaining fire safety despite plastic barriers.

Ceiling System Removal

Begin soft demolition by removing suspended ceiling systems working systematically from one area across the ceiling grid. Set up mobile scaffolds or elevated work platforms providing stable working surfaces with guardrails at ceiling height. Remove ceiling tiles individually placing tiles in waste bins or bags rather than allowing tiles to fall and break generating dust. Lower tiles carefully to workers below or place in bins positioned on scaffold platform. After removing all tiles, disconnect light fittings by licensed electrician or under electrician supervision ensuring circuits are isolated before disconnection commences. Lower light fittings carefully using ropes or taglines for heavy fixtures preventing dropped fixtures and struck-by hazards. Remove ceiling grid main runners and cross tees working systematically disconnecting hangers and lowering grid components to scaffold platform or floor level using mechanical handling. Bundle grid components for efficient transport to waste collection areas. Remove or cut ceiling grid suspension wires leaving sufficient length to prevent protruding sharp ends creating hazards. For metal ceiling systems including acoustic metal ceiling panels and grids, remove panels carefully to preserve salvage value if materials are being recycled or reused. Document any unexpected conditions discovered above ceilings including undocumented services, structural defects, or additional asbestos materials requiring specialist removal. Clean area thoroughly after ceiling removal using HEPA-filtered vacuum equipment preventing accumulated dust from falling during subsequent work phases.

Safety considerations

Never stand on ceiling tiles or suspended ceiling grid—these systems are not designed to support human weight. Use mobile scaffolds with guardrails rather than stepladders for ceiling removal providing stable working surface. Wear respirators during all ceiling removal work—accumulated dust above ceilings can contain hazardous materials. Assume all ceiling spaces contain undocumented electrical wiring until verified otherwise. Watch for light fittings connected to emergency lighting circuits potentially remaining energized despite general circuit isolation. Lower heavy light fittings using mechanical aids or team lifts—do not drop fixtures creating struck-by hazards. Wear hard hats when working beneath ceiling removal operations.

Internal Partition Removal

Remove non-load-bearing internal partitions working systematically from door openings along partition length. Verify partitions are non-structural—if any doubt exists, obtain structural engineering assessment before removal proceeds. For plasterboard partitions, remove plasterboard sheets first by cutting or prying sheets from framing studs. Use utility knives to score plasterboard face paper, then break sheets into manageable sections for handling. Remove plasterboard carefully minimizing dust generation and breakage. Place removed plasterboard in waste bins or bags for disposal or recycling. After removing plasterboard, dismantle timber or steel framing studs, top plates, and bottom plates. Remove fixings connecting framing to floor, ceiling, and wall structures using appropriate tools including crowbars, reciprocating saws, or impact drivers. Lower framing members carefully controlling descent preventing impact damage to floors or surrounding fixtures. Bundle similar materials together facilitating waste sorting and recycling. For modular demountable partition systems, disassemble according to manufacturer specifications preserving components for reuse where possible. Remove partition electrical and data services by electrician ensuring circuits are isolated before removal. Patch or make good floor, ceiling, and wall surfaces where partitions connected to building structure filling fixing holes and removing protruding fixings. Clean partition removal areas thoroughly removing dust and debris before subsequent construction phases commence.

Safety considerations

Verify partitions are non-load-bearing before removal—removing structural walls causes catastrophic collapse. Check for concealed electrical wiring and plumbing within partitions before cutting or prying. Wear respirators and safety glasses during plasterboard removal—dust generation is substantial. Watch for protruding nails and screws in framing members causing laceration hazards. Use correct manual handling techniques when removing plasterboard sheets—standard 2400x1200x10mm sheets weigh 20kg requiring team lifting. Avoid overreaching when removing upper wall sections—reposition access equipment maintaining safe working position. Clear floor areas regularly preventing trip hazards from accumulated debris.

Fixture and Fitting Removal

Remove fixtures and fittings systematically throughout demolished areas including joinery, shelving, handrails, signage, window treatments, and architectural features. Begin with easily removable items working progressively to more permanently fixed elements. For joinery removal including cupboards, benches, and storage units, disconnect plumbing and electrical services first ensuring water supply is isolated and electrical circuits are dead. Remove bench tops carefully particularly stone or composite materials having salvage value. Disconnect cupboards from walls by removing screws and fixings supporting units during removal preventing sudden release and falls. Use mechanical handling or team lifts for heavy joinery items exceeding safe manual handling limits. Remove shelving and storage systems disconnecting from wall fixings and floor supports. For handrails, remove fixing screws and mounting brackets ensuring handrails are adequately supported during removal preventing sudden release. Salvage architectural features carefully if materials are being retained including heritage elements, period features, or items with reuse value. Remove door sets by removing hinge pins, unscrewing hinges, or cutting through frames using reciprocating saws. Remove door frames carefully minimizing damage to surrounding walls particularly where frames are to be reused. Remove architraves, skirting boards, and decorative mouldings using appropriate tools preventing excessive damage to surrounding surfaces. Store salvaged items in designated areas protecting materials from damage during remaining demolition work and subsequent construction phases.

Safety considerations

Verify services are isolated before removing fixtures connected to plumbing or electrical systems. Use team lifting for heavy fixtures and fittings exceeding 20kg load limit. Watch for cupboards and joinery secured only at top mounts potentially falling forward when bottom is released. Control descent of removed items preventing impact damage and struck-by hazards. Wear cut-resistant gloves when handling materials with sharp edges including metal fixtures and broken joinery. Remove or hammer over protruding nails and screws immediately preventing puncture injuries. Position waste bins near removal areas minimizing carry distances for removed materials.

Floor Covering Removal and Final Cleanup

Remove floor coverings working systematically across floor areas using appropriate techniques for covering type. For carpet removal, cut carpet into manageable strips approximately 1 metre wide using utility knives. Roll carpet strips working from one end to facilitate handling and transport. Remove carpet underlay separately rolling or folding for disposal or recycling. Remove carpet gripper strips nailed to floor perimeter using pry bars and claw hammers extracting all nails preventing puncture hazards. For vinyl floor tile removal, heat tiles using heat gun or scraper softening adhesive before prising tiles from substrate. Scrape residual adhesive from floor using floor scrapers leaving clean substrate for subsequent floor installation. For timber floor removal, remove boards using pry bars working systematically across floor area. Extract all nails from removed boards before transport to waste areas. For ceramic or porcelain tile removal, use jackhammers with tile removal chisel attachments breaking tiles and removing adhesive bed. Contain dust during tile removal using water suppression and extraction equipment. After floor covering removal, sweep and vacuum all floor surfaces using HEPA-filtered vacuums removing dust and small debris. Conduct final cleanup of entire demolished area removing all waste materials, tools, and equipment to waste collection areas. Clean adjacent areas affected by demolition work including corridors, stairwells, and access routes. Remove dust containment barriers carefully preventing release of accumulated dust—spray water mist inside containment before barrier removal if substantial dust accumulation exists. Conduct final inspection identifying any outstanding hazards requiring remediation before area handover to subsequent trades. Document completed demolition providing waste disposal records, salvaged materials inventory, and photographic evidence of completed work.

Safety considerations

Wear respirators during floor covering removal particularly when removing old vinyl tiles potentially containing asbestos—if asbestos floor tiles are discovered, halt work immediately for licensed removal. Use knee pads during extended kneeling work removing floor coverings. Ensure adequate ventilation when using heat guns for vinyl tile removal—heating adhesives releases vapours requiring air changes. Watch for protruding nails when removing carpet gripper strips and timber floors. Use hearing protection when operating jackhammers for tile removal. Wet methods for dust control during ceramic tile removal are essential preventing silica dust exposure. Dispose of floor covering waste according to waste management regulations—some materials require special disposal procedures. Clean work area thoroughly before barrier removal preventing dust migration during final cleanup.

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Frequently asked questions

Is an asbestos survey mandatory before soft demolition work?

Yes, asbestos surveys are absolutely mandatory before any demolition or refurbishment work in buildings constructed before 31 December 2003 under Australian WHS regulations. The survey must be conducted by a licensed asbestos assessor who inspects the building, collects samples of suspect materials, and provides a written asbestos register identifying all asbestos-containing materials found. This requirement applies regardless of demolition type—soft demolition, structural demolition, or even minor renovation work must be preceded by asbestos identification. The legal basis is found in the model WHS Regulations requiring persons conducting businesses or undertakings to identify asbestos before work commences that may disturb it. Penalties for conducting demolition without proper asbestos surveys are severe, with fines exceeding $600,000 for companies and potential imprisonment for individuals. Beyond legal requirements, the health imperative is clear—asbestos exposure causes fatal diseases including mesothelioma and asbestosis that manifest decades after exposure. Visual identification of asbestos is unreliable as many asbestos-containing materials appear identical to non-asbestos materials. Only laboratory testing using polarized light microscopy or transmission electron microscopy can definitively identify asbestos. Once identified, all asbestos must be removed by licensed asbestos removalists before general demolition commences—Class A licenses for friable asbestos, Class A or Class B licenses for non-friable asbestos. Attempting to proceed with demolition before asbestos survey completion and clearance certificate issuance is both illegal and exposes workers to potentially fatal health hazards.

Can I remove electrical fixtures myself or do I need a licensed electrician?

Australian electrical safety regulations generally require licensed electricians to perform electrical work including disconnection and removal of fixed electrical installations such as light fittings, power outlets, switches, and hardwired equipment. The specific requirements vary slightly between states and territories, but the general principle is that electrical work must be performed by persons holding appropriate electrical licenses. Soft demolition workers can remove electrical fixtures only after a licensed electrician has isolated the electrical circuits at the distribution board, applied lockout devices, verified the circuits are dead using voltage testing equipment, and issued an electrical isolation certificate. Once proper isolation is verified and documented, non-electrical workers may physically remove fixtures under some circumstances, though many principal contractors require electricians to perform both isolation and removal for liability reasons. The risks of performing electrical work without proper isolation and licensing are severe—electrocution from contact with live conductors causes immediate cardiac arrest and death. Contact with 230V electrical supply, the standard Australian voltage, delivers sufficient current to cause fatal cardiac arrhythmia, severe electrical burns, and neurological damage. Beyond the immediate safety hazards, performing unlicensed electrical work violates electrical safety regulations resulting in prosecution, fines, and potential imprisonment. Insurance policies typically exclude coverage for injuries or damage resulting from unlicensed electrical work, leaving companies and individuals personally liable for compensation, medical costs, and property damage. The safe and legal approach is engaging licensed electricians to isolate electrical systems, verify dead condition, and either remove electrical fixtures or authorize appropriately trained demolition workers to remove fixtures under documented isolation conditions. Never assume electrical circuits are dead based on switch positions or visual inspection—only verified isolation using voltage testing equipment by licensed electricians provides adequate assurance of safety.

What dust control measures are required for soft demolition in occupied buildings?

Soft demolition in occupied buildings requires comprehensive dust control measures exceeding typical building site requirements due to the presence of building occupants, the need to maintain normal building operations in adjacent areas, and compliance with environmental regulations limiting dust discharge from buildings. The primary engineering control is creating sealed containment zones around demolition areas using floor-to-ceiling plastic sheeting barriers with zippered access doors. All penetrations, doorways, windows, and services must be sealed using tape and expanding foam creating continuous barrier preventing dust migration. Negative pressure ventilation is essential using HEPA-filtered air scrubbers exhausting air from containment zones to building exterior creating slight negative pressure (typically 5-10 Pascals negative relative to adjacent areas) preventing dust escaping through minor seal imperfections. Airflow rates must be adequate for containment volume, typically minimum 4-6 air changes per hour, with higher rates for dusty operations. Water suppression methods dampen dust during demolition activities using pump sprayers or hose connections providing fine mist wetting materials before removal. Particular attention is required for ceiling removal, plasterboard demolition, and floor covering removal which generate substantial dust clouds without adequate suppression. Work methods must minimize dust generation through careful dismantling rather than aggressive destruction—removing ceiling tiles individually rather than pulling down entire sections, cutting plasterboard sheets rather than smashing walls, and dampening materials before handling all reduce airborne dust. Access control prevents workers tracking dust from containment zones into clean areas through decontamination procedures including brushing down clothing, removing contaminated PPE, and cleaning footwear before exiting containment. Regular monitoring of adjacent occupied areas verifies containment effectiveness with immediate work stoppage if dust migration occurs. Building management typically requires dust monitoring using real-time dust meters measuring PM10 and PM2.5 particulate levels verifying compliance with specified air quality standards. Out-of-hours work scheduling minimizes occupant exposure by conducting demolition during evenings, weekends, or holiday periods when building occupancy is reduced. Communication with building occupants before work commences manages expectations regarding noise, access restrictions, and temporary inconveniences. Some building management agreements include penalties for dust migration violations or occupant complaints, creating strong financial incentive for effective dust control beyond health and regulatory requirements.

How should waste from soft demolition be managed and disposed of?

Soft demolition waste management must comply with environmental regulations, maximize resource recovery through recycling and salvage, and minimize disposal costs through effective waste segregation. The waste management hierarchy prioritizes avoidance and reduction (removing only necessary materials, careful demolition preserving materials for reuse), reuse (salvaging fixtures, fittings, and materials for reuse in their original form), recycling (separating materials into streams for recycling including metals, timber, concrete, plasterboard, carpet, and cardboard), energy recovery (combustible materials for waste-to-energy facilities where available), and finally disposal (landfill disposal only for residual waste unsuitable for higher recovery options). Practical implementation begins with waste segregation at source using separate collection bins or areas for different material types. Metals including steel, aluminium, copper wiring, and brass fixtures have significant scrap value and should be segregated carefully. Timber can be recycled into mulch, particle board, or biofuel if separated from nails and contamination. Plasterboard (gypsum board) can be recycled into new plasterboard or agricultural gypsum if kept separate from other waste and maintained dry. Concrete and masonry can be crushed for use as recycled aggregate if quantities justify processing costs. Carpet and underlay can be recycled through specialized carpet recycling facilities accepting separated carpet products. Cardboard, paper, and packaging materials should be segregated for conventional recycling. Hazardous wastes including fluorescent light tubes containing mercury, batteries, electrical equipment containing heavy metals, and any asbestos-contaminated materials require specialized disposal through licensed waste facilities with appropriate environmental permits. Documentation requirements include waste dockets showing waste types, quantities, source, destination facility, and disposal or recycling method. Many states require building demolition projects to prepare Waste Management Plans documenting anticipated waste quantities, proposed recycling and disposal methods, and predicted recycling rates. Engaging waste management contractors experienced in construction and demolition waste provides expertise in material segregation, identifies recycling opportunities, and ensures regulatory compliance. The financial benefits of effective waste segregation can be substantial—recycling high-value materials generates revenue, while reducing general waste volumes decreases disposal costs which are typically charged per tonne or per bin. Environmental benefits include reduced landfill demand, reduced virgin material extraction, and lower embodied energy in recycled materials compared to virgin alternatives. Many commercial building rating schemes including Green Star and NABERS require minimum recycling rates for demolition waste, creating contractual requirements for effective waste management beyond regulatory compliance.

What are the notification requirements for soft demolition work?

Notification requirements for soft demolition vary between jurisdictions but generally include notifying the workplace health and safety regulator, obtaining local council approval, and coordinating with building management and utility providers. Workplace health and safety notification to the relevant state or territory SafeWork authority is typically required for demolition work classified as high-risk construction work or where asbestos removal exceeds specified thresholds. While purely soft demolition of non-structural elements may not trigger high-risk work notification thresholds, asbestos removal commonly discovered during soft demolition requires notification. Class A asbestos removal (friable asbestos) requires 5 working days advance written notice to the regulator. Class B asbestos removal (non-friable asbestos over 10 square metres) requires notification before work commences. The notification must include details of the work, asbestos type and quantity, licensed removalist details, and expected work duration. Local council approval or development consent is often required before demolition can proceed, even for internal soft demolition works. Council requirements vary but typically include detailed demolition plans, traffic management plans if street closures or skip bin placement affects public areas, and environmental protection measures addressing dust, noise, and waste disposal. Some councils distinguish between internal refurbishment work not requiring approval and more extensive strip-outs requiring demolition permits. Building management notification is essential in commercial or multi-tenanted buildings where soft demolition may affect other tenants, building services, or normal operations. Building managers require advance notice to coordinate service isolations, arrange access, notify other tenants, and schedule work to minimize disruption. Many commercial leases require tenant approval for demolition works exceeding specified scope. Utility provider notification ensures services can be safely isolated or relocated before demolition. Electricity distributors, gas network operators, water authorities, and telecommunications providers may require advance notice to arrange service disconnections or asset protection measures. Particular care is required for shared services serving multiple tenants where partial isolation is required without disrupting services to other areas. Fire service notification may be required if demolition work affects fire protection systems or creates temporary fire safety deficiencies requiring compensatory measures such as fire watch patrols or temporary alarm systems. Insurance notification informs building insurers and contractor insurers of demolition works ensuring coverage remains valid and any special requirements are addressed. Early engagement with all stakeholders during demolition planning identifies notification requirements, obtains necessary approvals, and coordinates work timing minimizing project delays from inadequate notification.

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Soft Demolition Safe Work Method Statement

What this SWMS covers

Why this SWMS matters

Hazard identification

Manual Handling Injuries from Repetitive Lifting

Asbestos Exposure from Disturbed Building Materials

Falls from Stepladders and Elevated Work Platforms

Electrical Shock from Inadequate Service Isolation

Dust Generation and Respiratory Exposure

Struck by Falling Materials and Fixtures

Control measures

Mandatory Asbestos Survey Before Demolition

Mechanical Handling and Material Chutes for Debris

Verified Electrical Isolation by Licensed Electrician

Mobile Scaffold and Elevated Work Platforms for Ceiling Work

Dust Control Through Containment and Extraction

Task Rotation and Manual Handling Training

Personal protective equipment

Inspections & checks

Before work starts

During work

After work

Step-by-step work procedure

Pre-Demolition Assessment and Asbestos Survey

Service Isolation and Disconnection

Dust Containment and Work Area Setup

Ceiling System Removal

Internal Partition Removal

Fixture and Fitting Removal

Floor Covering Removal and Final Cleanup

Frequently asked questions

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