Comprehensive SWMS for General Glass Installation and Window Fitting Work

Glazing Safe Work Method Statement

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General glazing work encompasses the installation, replacement, and repair of glass panels in windows, doors, shopfronts, balustrades, and architectural applications across residential, commercial, and industrial buildings. This skilled trade involves measuring openings, preparing frames, handling and cutting glass panels, installing glazing compounds and sealants, and securing glass using appropriate glazing systems and fixing methods. Glazing operations present unique hazards including severe lacerations from sharp glass edges and breakage, manual handling injuries from heavy awkward panels, falls from heights during installation, and risks to public safety from falling glass. This SWMS provides comprehensive safety procedures for glazing operations in compliance with Australian WHS legislation.

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Overview

What this SWMS covers

Glazing is the skilled trade of measuring, cutting, handling, and installing glass products in buildings and structures. General glazing work covers a broad range of applications from residential window replacement and new window installation in housing developments to commercial shopfront glazing, office partition systems, glass doors, shower screens, mirrors, and glass balustrades. The work requires qualified glaziers who understand glass types and properties, structural requirements, weatherproofing systems, and Australian building standards for glazing installation. Typical glazing projects include replacing broken or damaged windows in existing buildings, installing new windows during residential construction, fitting shopfront glazing systems for retail premises, installing glass office partitions and doors in commercial buildings, fitting frameless glass pool fencing and balustrades, installing shower screens in bathrooms, and mounting mirrors and decorative glass features. Each application has specific technical requirements regarding glass type selection, edge treatment, fixing methods, and sealant systems. Glaziers must interpret architectural drawings and specifications, take accurate measurements accounting for frame tolerances and thermal expansion, select appropriate glass types meeting safety glazing requirements, and install glass using methods that ensure structural adequacy and weathertightness. Glass types used in general glazing include annealed float glass for standard applications, toughened safety glass for areas requiring impact resistance or where breakage could cause injuries, laminated glass for security and safety glazing applications, insulated glass units (IGUs) for thermal performance, and specialty glass including tinted, reflective, and low-emissivity products. Glass thickness selection depends on panel size, wind loading, and application requirements, typically ranging from 3mm for small protected panels to 12mm or thicker for large exposed installations. All glass used in safety-critical locations defined by Australian standards must meet specific impact resistance and breakage pattern requirements. Framing systems for glazing installation include timber window and door frames, aluminium window systems with various glazing bead profiles, steel frames for commercial and industrial applications, and frameless glass systems using structural silicone bonding or point-fixed hardware. Each framing type requires specific installation techniques, setting block spacing, edge clearances, and sealant application methods. Glaziers must ensure frames are square, plumb, and at correct dimensions before glass installation, as improper frame alignment causes glass binding, seal failure, and potential glass breakage under thermal or structural movement. Weatherproofing and sealing of glazing installations protects building interiors from water and air infiltration while accommodating thermal movement and structural deflections. Silicone sealants rated for external exposure provide weatherproof seals between glass edges and frames. Setting blocks support glass weight and maintain edge clearances preventing glass-to-frame contact. Spacer shims position glass centrally in frames. Glazing tapes and gaskets provide additional weatherproofing in some systems. Proper sealant selection, surface preparation, and application technique are critical for long-term weathertightness and must follow manufacturer specifications and Australian standards for glazing practice.

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Why this SWMS matters

Glazing work presents some of the construction industry's most distinctive and severe injury hazards. Lacerations from broken glass and sharp edges are the most common serious injuries in glazing operations, with potential for catastrophic arterial cuts requiring emergency medical treatment and causing permanent disability. When large glass panels break during handling or installation, they create extensive cut hazards from sharp fragments, with toughened glass exploding into thousands of pieces and laminated glass retaining large sharp-edged sections attached to interlayer material. Even intact glass has sharp factory-cut edges capable of causing deep lacerations if handled incorrectly. Safe Work Australia data consistently shows glaziers have elevated rates of laceration injuries compared to most other construction trades. Falls from heights during glazing installation result in the most severe injuries and fatalities in the glazing industry. Window installation in multi-storey buildings requires working at heights on scaffolding or elevated work platforms, often while handling heavy awkward glass panels that compromise balance and fall protection. Glaziers may work from inside buildings leaning through window openings to install external glass, or from outside on scaffolds and platforms installing glass into frames. The temporary removal of fall protection barriers to allow glass insertion creates critical periods of elevated fall risk. Falls through unprotected glazed openings during installation have caused multiple fatalities in Australian construction. These risks are compounded when working in windy conditions where large glass panels act as sails making balance control difficult. Manual handling of glass panels causes acute and chronic musculoskeletal injuries across the glazing trade. Residential windows weighing 20-40 kilograms and commercial glass panels weighing 50-150 kilograms or more must be lifted from horizontal positions, carried through buildings often including stairs and narrow doorways, positioned into frames, and held in place during fixing installation. The smooth flat nature of glass provides limited grip points, forcing awkward hand positions and requiring sustained gripping force. Team lifting requires precise coordination, with any mismatch in timing or movement potentially causing one worker to take excessive load. Wind loading during outdoor installation adds unpredictable forces that can suddenly increase manual handling demands. Repetitive lifting across multiple installations in work shifts causes cumulative stress leading to chronic back pain, shoulder injuries, and long-term disability. Public safety hazards from falling glass during installation create liability exposures beyond worker injuries. Glass installed at heights can fall and strike members of the public, other trades workers, or building occupants if proper exclusion zones are not established and maintained. Wind gusts can catch glass panels during positioning causing loss of control. Inadequate temporary support during installation can allow glass to slip from frames. Dropped hand tools from heights pose strike hazards to workers and public below. Australian WHS legislation imposes strict duties to protect not only workers but also other persons who may be affected by glazing operations. Failure to implement adequate public protection measures can result in serious charges and substantial penalties if injuries occur. The structural importance of proper glazing installation extends beyond immediate safety to long-term building performance and occupant protection. Inadequate fixing or incorrect installation procedures can result in glass failure under wind loads, thermal stress, or structural movement potentially years after installation. Glass panels that detach from frames or shatter due to improper installation can cause injuries to building occupants and significant property damage. Weatherproofing failures from inadequate sealing cause water ingress, mould growth, and building deterioration. Only through comprehensive risk assessment, proper training, use of appropriate equipment including vacuum lifters, implementation of fall protection measures, establishment of exclusion zones, and adherence to Australian glazing standards can glazing operations be completed safely while ensuring quality installations that protect building occupants and maintain weathertight building envelopes throughout service life.

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Hazard identification

Surface the critical risks tied to this work scope and communicate them to every worker.

Risk register

Severe Lacerations from Glass Breakage and Sharp Edges

High

Glass handling presents constant risk of severe lacerations from sharp edges of intact glass and from broken glass fragments if panels are dropped or struck during handling and installation. Factory-cut glass edges are sharp enough to cause deep cuts through standard work gloves if gripped incorrectly or if hands slip during handling. When glass panels break, they create extensive cut hazards - toughened glass shatters into thousands of fragments that can cause multiple lacerations, while laminated glass retains large sharp-edged sections attached to plastic interlayer creating severe cut risks. Breakage can occur from striking glass edges against frames during positioning, dropping panels during manual handling, thermal stress if glass contacts very hot or cold surfaces, or wind loading during outdoor installation. Glaziers' hands, wrists, and forearms are most frequently injured, with severe lacerations potentially severing tendons, nerves, and blood vessels requiring emergency medical treatment and surgical repair. Face and eye injuries can occur if workers are struck by flying glass fragments.

Consequence: Catastrophic arterial lacerations requiring immediate emergency medical response and potentially causing death from blood loss if major arteries are severed. Severe hand and arm lacerations requiring surgical tendon or nerve repair, causing permanent loss of hand function and ending glazing careers. Multiple workers can be injured simultaneously if large glass panels shatter during team handling operations.

Falls from Heights During Window Installation

High

Glazing work frequently requires working at heights when installing windows in multi-storey residential and commercial buildings, fitting glass in building facades, installing skylight systems on roofs, or working on elevated platforms during shopfront glazing. Glaziers work from scaffolding, elevated work platforms, ladders, or from inside buildings reaching through window openings to install external glass. The manual handling demands of positioning heavy glass panels compromise ability to maintain three-point contact with fall protection equipment. Fall risks are heightened when workers temporarily remove edge protection or barriers to allow glass insertion into frames, creating critical periods of unprotected exposure. Large glass panels act as sails in wind conditions, potentially pulling workers off balance. Reaching through openings to install external beads or apply sealants creates severe fall risks. Even falls from relatively low heights of 2-3 metres can cause life-changing injuries when landing on hard surfaces or building materials below.

Consequence: Death from falls from heights remains the leading cause of construction fatalities in Australia. Serious injuries from falls include spinal fractures causing permanent paralysis, traumatic brain injuries, multiple fractures requiring extended hospitalisation and rehabilitation, and long-term disability preventing return to physical work. Even non-fatal falls cause significant lost work time and workers compensation costs.

Manual Handling Injuries from Heavy Glass Panels

High

Glass panels used in residential and commercial glazing range from 15-20 kilogram windows to large commercial panels weighing 100-200 kilograms or more. Manual handling requires lifting panels from horizontal storage or transport positions, carrying through buildings often including stairs and narrow passages, positioning into frames at various heights, and holding during fixing and sealing operations. The flat smooth nature of glass panels provides limited grip areas, forcing awkward hand positions and high grip forces. Panels wider than arm span require team lifting with precise coordination between workers. Vertical glass carrying position is most stable but can be difficult to achieve in confined spaces. Wind loading during outdoor work adds dynamic forces that can suddenly increase handling demands. Repetitive lifting across multiple installations in work shifts causes cumulative musculoskeletal stress. Glaziers working on residential subdivisions may install 10-20 windows per day, each requiring multiple lifting and positioning operations.

Consequence: Acute lower back injuries including muscle strains, ligament damage, and disc injuries causing severe pain and lost work time. Chronic musculoskeletal disorders from repetitive lifting including degenerative disc disease, chronic back pain requiring ongoing pain management, shoulder injuries and rotator cuff damage, and hernias. These injuries can end glazing careers and cause permanent disability requiring compensation and medical treatment.

Glass Panels Falling and Striking Workers or Public Below

High

During installation of glass at heights including upper floor windows, facade glazing, or any elevated location, dropped or falling glass panels present severe hazards to workers positioned below and to members of the public in the vicinity. Glass can fall due to loss of manual handling control, wind gusts catching large panels, inadequate temporary support during installation, vacuum lifter failure, or accidental striking of panels causing breakage. A falling glass panel weighing 50-100 kilograms striking a person from even a few metres height can cause fatal head injuries, crush injuries, or severe lacerations from resulting glass breakage. Public access to areas beneath glazing operations in commercial and residential settings creates particular risks if adequate exclusion zones are not established and maintained. Dropped tools including hammers, glazing tools, and hand tools also present struck-by hazards from heights.

Consequence: Fatalities or serious injuries to workers or members of public from being struck by falling glass panels or tools. Severe crush injuries, traumatic brain injuries, and lacerations requiring emergency medical response. Significant legal liability and potential criminal prosecution if members of public are injured due to inadequate safety measures. Business closure and loss of professional reputation.

Chemical Exposure from Sealants and Adhesives

Medium

Glazing installations require extensive use of silicone sealants, polyurethane adhesives, and glazing compounds that release chemical vapours during application and curing. Silicone sealants commonly used for weatherproofing release acetic acid vapours causing eye and respiratory irritation particularly when applied in confined spaces or poorly ventilated areas. Structural glazing systems may use two-part silicone or polyurethane adhesives containing isocyanates that can cause respiratory sensitisation and occupational asthma with repeated exposure. Glass cleaning solvents and surface preparation chemicals may contain alcohols or other volatile organic compounds. Extended exposure during full-day glazing operations causes cumulative chemical exposure. Workers applying sealants hold cartridge guns close to faces, positioning breathing zones directly in vapour paths. Lack of adequate ventilation in buildings under construction allows vapour accumulation.

Consequence: Acute chemical exposure causing headaches, dizziness, nausea, eye irritation, and respiratory tract irritation affecting work performance and requiring breaks from exposure. Chronic respiratory effects from repeated isocyanate exposure including occupational asthma and chemical sensitisation causing permanent breathing difficulties and requiring career change. Skin contact can cause dermatitis and allergic reactions.

Inadequate Temporary Glass Support During Installation

Medium

During window and door glazing installation, glass panels must be temporarily supported in frames while glazing beads are installed, sealants are applied, or fixing systems are secured. Inadequate temporary support can allow glass to slip from frames or tip outward particularly in vertical applications or when working at heights. Reliance on friction alone without positive mechanical support is inadequate particularly for large or heavy panels. Setting blocks may be positioned incorrectly or may be inadequate for panel weight. Wind pressure can overcome temporary support causing glass movement. Workers may momentarily release support of glass assuming it is adequately secured when it is not. If glass slips during installation, workers' instinctive reaction to catch falling glass can result in severe hand lacerations or crushing injuries.

Consequence: Glass panels falling from frames during installation causing lacerations to installers attempting to control falling glass, damage to expensive glass panels requiring replacement, and potential injuries to other workers or public if glass falls from heights. Project delays and material replacement costs. Insurance claims and potential safety authority investigation.

Control measures

Deploy layered controls aligned to the hierarchy of hazard management.

Implementation guide

Comprehensive Manual Handling Risk Assessment and Mechanical Aids

Engineering

Eliminating manual lifting of heavy glass panels through use of vacuum lifting equipment provides the most effective control for manual handling hazards in glazing work. Vacuum lifters rated for glass weights and dimensions being installed transfer load from workers' muscles to mechanical equipment, dramatically reducing musculoskeletal injury risk. For glass panels exceeding 20 kilograms or 1.5 square metres in area, vacuum lifters should be standard equipment rather than optional aids. This engineering control recognises that manual lifting limits exist beyond which even two-person team lifting creates unacceptable injury risk. For projects involving extensive glazing installations, investment in appropriate vacuum lifting equipment provides both safety and productivity benefits. When manual handling cannot be eliminated entirely, comprehensive risk assessment determines safe load limits, team sizes required, and handling techniques to minimise injury risk.

Implementation

1. Establish policy that all glass panels exceeding 20kg weight or 1.5 square metres area must be handled using vacuum lifting equipment rather than manual lifting. 2. Procure or hire vacuum glass lifters appropriate for typical glass sizes and weights used in projects, ensuring equipment capacity exceeds maximum anticipated glass weights with adequate safety factors. 3. Train all glaziers in proper vacuum lifter operation including pre-use inspections, load rating verification, suction pad application, vacuum monitoring, and emergency procedures for vacuum loss. 4. Conduct manual handling risk assessment for all glazing operations documenting glass weights, handling distances, vertical heights, team sizes required, and control measures to be implemented. 5. Implement two-person minimum team lifting for all glass exceeding 15kg with clear role definition and coordinated lifting signals to ensure balanced load distribution. 6. Train glaziers in proper manual lifting techniques including neutral spine positions, lifting with legs rather than back, maintaining loads close to body, and avoiding twisting motions during carrying. 7. Design work sequences and site layouts to minimise manual handling distances and number of lifting operations required, positioning glass storage close to installation locations where practical.

Fall Protection Systems and Work at Height Procedures

Engineering

Implementing comprehensive fall protection following the hierarchy of controls eliminates or minimises fall risks during elevated glazing operations. Preferred controls include elimination by designing installations to be completed from ground level where possible, passive fall prevention using edge protection and guardrails on scaffolds and work platforms, work positioning using fully enclosed elevated work platforms with guardrails, and fall arrest systems using harnesses and anchor points when other controls cannot eliminate fall risks. The control recognises that glazing often requires temporary removal of edge protection to install glass, requiring specific procedures and alternative protection during critical periods. Fall protection must be planned before work commences and must be appropriate for specific site conditions and work methods.

Implementation

1. Assess all glazing operations for fall risks and document required fall protection measures before work commencement, following hierarchy of control to select most effective measures. 2. For glazing at heights, provide scaffolding with guardrails and solid platforms, or fully enclosed elevated work platforms with guardrails preventing falls during glass handling and installation. 3. Where edge protection must be temporarily removed to install glass, implement alternative protection including personal fall arrest systems with harnesses attached to engineered anchor points. 4. Provide training for all glaziers working at heights covering fall hazards, proper use of fall protection equipment, harness fitting and inspection, and rescue procedures. 5. Establish exclusion zones beneath all work at heights preventing access by workers or public to areas where falling objects could cause injuries. 6. Implement pre-start inspections of all fall protection equipment including scaffolds, elevated work platforms, harnesses, and anchor points, with documented verification of serviceability. 7. Ensure rescue procedures and equipment are in place before work at heights commences, with designated personnel trained in rescue operations and emergency response if falls occur. 8. Monitor weather conditions including wind speeds and cease elevated glazing operations when conditions create unsafe working environments or prevent effective fall protection.

Exclusion Zones and Public Protection Measures

Administrative

Establishing and maintaining exclusion zones beneath all glazing operations at heights prevents injuries to other workers and members of public from falling glass, dropped tools, or debris. Exclusion zones must extend adequate distances accounting for potential trajectory of falling objects, typically minimum 2 metres beyond work area perimeters for every 3 metres of working height. Physical barriers including fencing, barricades, or designated walkways direct people away from hazardous areas. Signage warns of overhead work and falling object hazards. Spotters or marshals can be stationed to prevent inadvertent entry to exclusion zones in high-traffic areas. This administrative control creates safe separation between hazardous glazing operations and potentially exposed persons, eliminating struck-by hazards for those not directly involved in work.

Implementation

1. Calculate required exclusion zone dimensions based on maximum working heights using minimum 2-metre horizontal distance for every 3 metres of vertical working height, or greater distances for large glass panels. 2. Install physical barriers including temporary fencing, safety barriers, or barricades to prevent access to exclusion zones, with barriers positioned before glazing operations commence. 3. Install warning signage at exclusion zone perimeters indicating overhead work in progress, falling object hazards, and prohibiting unauthorised entry to protected areas. 4. For sites with public access including shopping centres or occupied buildings, coordinate with facility management to implement additional protection measures including overhead coverings or restricted access times. 5. Assign spotters or traffic controllers in high-traffic areas to actively prevent pedestrian or vehicle entry to exclusion zones during critical lifting and positioning operations. 6. Conduct pre-start briefings with all site personnel explaining exclusion zones, reasons for restrictions, and alternative access routes around protected areas. 7. Implement toolbox meetings before each glazing operation reviewing specific exclusion zone requirements for that location and confirming all workers understand requirements. 8. Monitor exclusion zones throughout operations and immediately address any breaches or unauthorised access, with authority to stop work if public protection cannot be assured.

Proper Glass Handling and Storage Procedures

Administrative

Implementing systematic procedures for glass storage, handling, and transport reduces breakage risks and associated laceration hazards. Proper storage using A-frame racks with glass positioned vertically prevents damage and provides stable storage. Timber spacers between glass panels prevent glass-to-glass contact. Storage areas must be protected from traffic and trade activities that could strike glass. Handling procedures include inspection before lifting to identify any damaged glass, proper grip positions on panel edges, coordinated team lifting signals, and controlled movement avoiding striking glass against obstacles. These administrative controls establish consistent safe practices reducing both breakage risk and manual handling injuries through planned methodical approaches to glass movement.

Implementation

1. Provide purpose-built A-frame glass storage racks or vertical storage systems on all sites and in workshops, with capacity for full project glass inventory. 2. Position storage racks on level stable ground away from vehicle traffic, mobile plant operations, and other trade activities that could strike or damage stored glass. 3. Install timber or foam spacers between glass panels in storage preventing glass-to-glass contact and distributing loads to prevent edge damage. 4. Mark glass panels clearly with size, type, and handling warnings making glass visible to all site personnel and preventing accidental contact. 5. Implement pre-handling inspection procedures requiring glaziers to visually and tactilely inspect glass edges and surfaces for chips, cracks, or damage before lifting any panel. 6. Establish handling procedures including defined grip positions, team lifting coordination signals, controlled movement speeds, and pathway planning before glass movement commences. 7. Create clear pathways for glass movement removing obstacles, tools, and materials that could be struck during glass transport through site. 8. Provide edge protection materials including foam edge guards or protective tape for glass panel edges during transport and handling reducing laceration risks.

Weatherproofing and Sealant Application Safety Procedures

Administrative

Safe application of glazing sealants and weatherproofing materials requires procedures addressing chemical exposure, proper ventilation, skin protection, and application techniques. Work procedures specify adequate ventilation requirements, use of low-toxicity sealant products where performance allows, respiratory protection when working in confined or poorly ventilated spaces, and skin protection to prevent dermatitis. Following manufacturer Safety Data Sheet requirements for all sealant products ensures exposures remain within acceptable limits. This administrative control recognises that while chemical exposures in glazing are generally lower than in some other trades, repeated daily exposure throughout careers requires systematic exposure management.

Implementation

1. Obtain and maintain current Safety Data Sheets for all sealants, adhesives, cleaners, and chemical products used in glazing operations, with SDS files accessible to all workers. 2. Review SDS information for each product identifying specific hazards, required control measures, PPE requirements, and emergency response procedures for chemical exposures. 3. Select low-VOC and low-toxicity sealant products where performance requirements allow, substituting lower-hazard products for traditional higher-hazard materials. 4. Ensure adequate natural or mechanical ventilation during all sealant application particularly in confined spaces, poorly ventilated rooms, or when applying large quantities of material. 5. Provide respiratory protection equipment including half-face respirators with organic vapour cartridges for use in poorly ventilated spaces or when applying products with significant vapour release. 6. Train glaziers in proper sealant application techniques minimising vapour generation, skin contact, and overspray, with emphasis on controlled application and avoiding excessive material use. 7. Implement skin protection using chemical-resistant gloves during sealant application and hand washing facilities to remove skin contamination before eating or drinking. 8. Monitor workers for symptoms of chemical exposure including headaches, respiratory irritation, or skin reactions, providing immediate breaks from exposure and medical assessment if symptoms occur.

Pre-Installation Planning and Site Assessment

Administrative

Comprehensive planning before glazing operations commence identifies site-specific hazards, establishes control measures, ensures necessary equipment and materials are available, and coordinates with other trades. Planning includes review of architectural drawings, site inspection to verify frame readiness and access for glass installation, identification of overhead hazards, assessment of fall protection requirements, and establishment of glass storage and work areas. This administrative control ensures systematic consideration of all safety factors before workers are committed to tasks, preventing reactive decision-making that can lead to shortcuts and increased risks.

Implementation

1. Review architectural drawings and glazing specifications before site mobilisation, understanding glass types, sizes, installation methods, and frame systems involved in project. 2. Conduct site inspection before glass delivery verifying frames are installed square and plumb, openings are correct dimensions, access is available for glass delivery and handling, and work areas are clear. 3. Identify site-specific hazards including fall risks, overhead power lines, public access requirements, other trade interactions, and environmental factors affecting glazing operations. 4. Develop project-specific SWMS or method statement addressing identified hazards, required control measures, equipment needs, team composition, and work sequences. 5. Coordinate with other trades including carpenters, builders, and site management regarding work schedules, shared equipment access, exclusion zone requirements, and mutual hazard awareness. 6. Pre-order all necessary equipment including vacuum lifters, scaffolding or elevated work platforms, fall protection equipment, and specialised tools, ensuring availability before work commencement. 7. Conduct pre-start toolbox meeting with glazing team reviewing work plan, site hazards, emergency procedures, individual responsibilities, and communication protocols. 8. Verify emergency response resources are available including first aid equipment, personnel trained in first aid, emergency contact information, and evacuation procedures for site.

Download complete control procedures

Personal protective equipment

Cut-Resistant Gloves

Requirement: Level D or E rated per AS/NZS 2161.2 for glass handling

When: Required during all glass handling, cutting, and installation operations to protect against lacerations from glass edges and broken glass. Must provide high cut protection while allowing adequate dexterity for precise glass positioning and tool operation.

Safety Glasses with Side Shields

Requirement: Impact-rated to AS/NZS 1337 with side protection

When: Mandatory during all glazing operations to protect against glass fragments, dust, and particles. Must be worn throughout glass cutting, handling, installation, and cleanup activities. Particularly critical during glass cutting and when applying sealants overhead.

Steel Toe Cap Safety Boots

Requirement: Certified to AS/NZS 2210.3 with steel toe caps and penetration-resistant soles

When: Required at all times during glazing operations to protect feet from crushing injuries if glass panels are dropped and to prevent puncture wounds from broken glass or dropped tools. Must provide stable footing on construction sites.

Full Body Harness with Shock Absorber

Requirement: Certified to AS/NZS 1891 with attached shock-absorbing lanyard

When: Required when working at heights above 2 metres where passive fall protection is not available or during periods when edge protection must be temporarily removed for glass installation. Must be properly fitted and attached to engineered anchor points.

High-Visibility Clothing

Requirement: Class D Day/Night garments per AS/NZS 4602.1

When: Mandatory on all construction sites to ensure glaziers are visible to mobile plant operators, crane operators, and other site personnel. Particularly important during coordinated lifts and when working near vehicle traffic.

Respiratory Protection

Requirement: Half-face respirator with organic vapour cartridges per AS/NZS 1716

When: Required when applying sealants or adhesives in confined or poorly ventilated spaces where vapour accumulation occurs. Must be fit-tested to individual workers and maintained per manufacturer requirements.

Chemical-Resistant Gloves

Requirement: Nitrile or neoprene gloves rated for chemical protection

When: Required during sealant and adhesive application to prevent skin contact with chemical compounds that can cause dermatitis or allergic reactions. Must allow adequate dexterity for sealant gun operation and tooling.

Inspections & checks

Before work starts

  • ✓Inspect all glass panels before handling checking for cracks, chips, edge damage, or defects that could cause breakage during installation
  • ✓Verify vacuum glass lifting equipment (if used) has been inspected and tested per manufacturer requirements with suction pads clean and undamaged
  • ✓Check scaffolding or elevated work platforms for structural integrity, guardrails in place, and platforms clear of debris before accessing
  • ✓Inspect fall protection equipment including harnesses, lanyards, and anchor points for damage or wear requiring replacement
  • ✓Verify window frames are square, plumb, level, and at correct dimensions before glass installation commences
  • ✓Check weather conditions including wind speed, precipitation, and temperature to confirm suitable conditions for glazing operations
  • ✓Confirm exclusion zones are established with barriers and signage in place preventing unauthorised access beneath work areas
  • ✓Verify all required tools, equipment, sealants, and materials are on site and in serviceable condition before work starts

During work

  • ✓Monitor glass handling operations for proper team coordination, safe lifting techniques, and controlled movement avoiding obstacles
  • ✓Verify temporary glass support in frames is adequate before releasing manual support and that setting blocks are correctly positioned
  • ✓Check fall protection remains effective throughout work particularly when edge protection is temporarily removed for glass installation
  • ✓Monitor exclusion zones for any breaches or unauthorised access by workers or public requiring immediate intervention
  • ✓Observe sealant application techniques to ensure proper ventilation is maintained and chemical exposure is minimised
  • ✓Verify adequate communication is maintained between team members during coordinated glass handling and positioning operations
  • ✓Monitor weather conditions for changes in wind speed or precipitation requiring work to be suspended for safety

After work

  • ✓Inspect completed glazing installation for proper glass seating, adequate edge clearances, and correct positioning in frames
  • ✓Verify all glazing beads, seals, and fixings are correctly installed and secure providing weather protection and structural support
  • ✓Check work areas are clean with all broken glass fragments, off-cuts, and debris removed preventing injuries to other trades
  • ✓Confirm all tools and equipment are accounted for with no items left at heights that could fall and cause injuries
  • ✓Verify scaffolding, platforms, and fall protection equipment is properly secured or removed as appropriate for site conditions
  • ✓Inspect area beneath glazing operations confirming exclusion zones can be removed and areas are safe for normal site access
  • ✓Document completed installations photographing critical details and recording any defects or non-conformances requiring attention
  • ✓Conduct final site cleanup ensuring all glazing waste, packaging, and materials are disposed of appropriately

Step-by-step work procedure

Give supervisors and crews a clear, auditable sequence for the task.

Field ready
1

Site Assessment, Frame Preparation, and Glass Delivery Coordination

Begin by conducting thorough assessment of installation site including verification of frame dimensions, squareness, and plumb alignment using spirit levels and measuring tapes. Check frames are securely fixed to building structure and capable of supporting glass loads. Identify any frame defects, damage, or dimensional issues requiring correction before glass installation. Assess access routes for glass delivery and handling including doorways, stairs, lifts, and pathways, ensuring adequate clearance for glass panel dimensions. Identify overhead hazards including power lines, building overhangs, and crane swing areas. Establish glass storage location on level stable ground protected from site traffic and trade activities. Set up A-frame storage racks with capacity for all glass to be installed. Coordinate glass delivery timing to minimise storage duration on site. Establish exclusion zones beneath any glazing work at heights and install barriers and warning signage. Conduct toolbox meeting with glazing team reviewing work plan, hazards, emergency procedures, and communication protocols before work commences.

Safety considerations

Site assessment must identify all hazards before glass delivery prevents reactive decision-making that can compromise safety. Frame defects discovered after glass delivery creates pressure to proceed with inadequate frames risking glass breakage and injuries. Inadequate access planning can force awkward glass handling through confined spaces increasing manual handling and breakage risks. Overhead power lines present electrocution hazards if glass panels or lifting equipment contact energised conductors.

2

Glass Panel Inspection, Selection, and Manual Handling Preparation

Inspect glass panels in storage before handling, checking for any cracks, chips, edge damage, or manufacturing defects. Visually examine both faces and all edges. Feel edges with gloved hands to detect chips or sharp areas. Reject any damaged glass for return to supplier as damaged glass is prone to breakage during handling. Verify glass panel matches specifications for installation including dimensions, thickness, and glass type. Measure panel dimensions if any doubt exists. For team manual handling, brief team members on panel weight, grip positions, lifting signals, and movement path to installation location. Clear pathway of obstacles and hazards. Position team members at opposite edges of glass panel in balanced positions. For vacuum lifter use, position lifter adjacent to glass and complete pre-use inspection of suction pads, vacuum pump, and alarms. Apply suction pads to clean glass surface and establish vacuum pressure per manufacturer requirements before lifting.

Safety considerations

Damaged glass is significantly more prone to breakage during handling creating severe laceration risks if panels shatter. Small edge chips can propagate into full panel cracks under handling stresses. Pre-lift planning and team coordination prevents sudden unbalanced loading if one worker loses grip or control. Vacuum lifter inspection prevents equipment failure during lifting that would cause catastrophic glass release. Clear pathways prevent striking glass against obstacles during movement that could cause breakage.

3

Controlled Glass Panel Lifting and Transport to Installation Location

For team manual lifting, both team members should bend knees maintaining straight backs, grip panel edges securely with fingers under edge and thumbs on face, and on coordinated verbal signal, lift together using leg muscles while keeping panel level. Lift panel to vertical position for carrying if space allows as vertical carrying provides better stability and visibility. Maintain communication throughout movement with lead worker calling direction changes and warnings. Move at controlled pace watching for obstacles and other workers. For glass being lifted to heights, coordinate with crane operator or platform controller using clear hand signals or radio communication. Guide glass carefully avoiding striking against building elements, scaffolds, or other structures. If using vacuum lifter, monitor vacuum gauge continuously during lift and maintain awareness of alarm status. Position team member as spotter watching for obstacles during movement. Upon reaching installation location, carefully position glass adjacent to frame opening ready for installation.

Safety considerations

Coordinated team lifting prevents one worker from taking excessive load if timing is mismatched. Maintaining panel level during lifting prevents sudden load shifts that can cause loss of control. Vertical carrying position provides better forward visibility and more stable load distribution. Communication throughout movement ensures both workers are aware of direction changes and hazards. Vacuum pressure must be monitored continuously as pressure loss can cause sudden catastrophic glass release. Striking glass edges against hard surfaces during movement can cause instant breakage creating extensive laceration hazards.

4

Glass Panel Positioning and Temporary Support in Frame

For ground level installations, position glass panel vertically adjacent to frame opening. One team member supports panel while second member installs setting blocks in frame rebate at specified spacing per glazing standards, typically 25-50mm from corners and at maximum 300mm intervals for large panels. Setting blocks must be appropriately sized to support glass weight and maintain required edge clearances. Carefully guide bottom edge of glass panel onto lower setting blocks ensuring blocks remain in position and glass seats correctly. Gradually tilt panel into frame opening while maintaining control. Once glass is positioned in frame, temporarily support at top using soft supports or have team member maintain hand pressure preventing glass from tipping outward. For elevated installations, use similar procedures but with additional fall protection and careful coordination between team members on different levels. Verify glass is correctly positioned with equal edge clearances all around and panel is plumb and square in opening before proceeding.

Safety considerations

Setting blocks provide critical temporary support preventing glass from slipping once positioned in frame. Inadequate or improperly positioned setting blocks can allow glass to slip causing panel breakage and severe lacerations if workers attempt to catch falling glass. Workers must never position bodies beneath glass being lowered into frames. For elevated work, fall protection is critical during positioning when workers may need both hands for glass control. Temporary support must be positive mechanical support rather than relying on friction alone particularly in vertical applications.

5

Installation of Glazing Beads, Fixings, and Structural Support

While maintaining temporary glass support, install permanent fixing system according to frame type and manufacturer specifications. For timber frames with glazing beads, install spacer shims at specified locations maintaining glass centring in frame, then install glazing beads using appropriate fixing nails or screws at correct spacing. Beads must be pressed firmly against glass but not over-compressed which can cause glass breakage. For aluminium frames, install internal and external glazing seals and press-fit glazing beads, ensuring bead locking mechanisms fully engage. For some systems, apply structural glazing tape or setting blocks at specified locations before glass installation. Verify all fixings are correctly installed and secure. Check glass has not moved during fixing installation and edge clearances remain correct. Only when permanent fixing system is fully installed and verified should temporary supports be removed. Test glass for secure attachment by applying moderate pressure at various points verifying no movement occurs.

Safety considerations

Glass must remain securely supported throughout fixing installation process. Removing temporary support before permanent fixings are adequately installed can allow glass to slip or fall causing serious injuries. Over-tightening of beads or fixings can crack glass through excessive compression. Inadequate fixing provides insufficient structural support allowing glass to work loose under wind loads or vibration potentially causing delayed failure. Workers should never assume glass is adequately secured without verification testing.

6

Weatherproofing Seal Application and Quality Verification

Apply weatherproofing sealant per manufacturer specifications ensuring adequate ventilation during application particularly for acetic cure silicones releasing acidic vapours. Clean sealant application surfaces on glass and frame using appropriate solvents, allowing adequate drying time. Cut sealant cartridge nozzle to appropriate bead size, typically 6-10mm depending on joint width. Apply sealant in continuous bead without gaps or voids, working from bottom to top for vertical joints to prevent sealant slumping. Tool sealant with appropriate tooling instrument or spatula creating smooth concave profile that sheds water effectively. Remove excess sealant from glass and frame surfaces before curing occurs. For two-sided sealing applications, ensure internal seal is installed before external seal preventing water entrapment within joint. Allow sealant adequate cure time before subjecting joint to water exposure or movement, following manufacturer cure schedule based on temperature and humidity conditions. Inspect completed installation for proper glass positioning, secure fixing, complete seal coverage, and acceptable visual appearance. Verify glass is free from damage, distortion, or defects.

Safety considerations

Sealant vapours particularly from acetic cure silicones can cause severe respiratory and eye irritation in confined or poorly ventilated spaces. Ensure adequate natural or mechanical ventilation during sealant application particularly when sealing multiple windows in sequence. Respiratory protection may be required in poorly ventilated areas. Skin contact with uncured sealants can cause dermatitis and allergic reactions. Use chemical-resistant gloves during application and clean skin immediately if contact occurs. Proper sealing is critical for weathertightness and long-term building protection. Inadequate or incomplete sealing can cause water ingress, mould growth, and building deterioration.

7

Site Cleanup, Waste Disposal, and Final Documentation

Conduct thorough cleanup of work areas removing all glass off-cuts, broken glass fragments, packaging materials, and installation debris. Use stiff broom and dustpan to collect small glass fragments. For broken glass cleanup, use caution to prevent cut injuries wearing heavy-duty gloves and using dustpan rather than hand collection. Dispose of glass waste in designated skip bins or waste containers, never in general rubbish where it could cause injuries to waste handlers. Clean up sealant drips, residues, and contamination from surrounding surfaces before curing occurs. Verify all tools and equipment are accounted for with no items left at heights or in areas where they could fall or cause injuries. Remove or properly secure scaffolding, elevated work platforms, and access equipment. Remove exclusion zone barriers and signage once all work at heights is complete and areas are safe for normal access. Photograph completed installations documenting quality and installation details. Complete installation documentation including glass specifications, installation date, installer details, and any defects or issues requiring attention. Obtain customer or builder sign-off on completed work where contractually required.

Safety considerations

Broken glass and off-cuts present significant laceration hazards to other trades workers and building occupants if not properly cleaned up and disposed of. Small glass fragments can remain in carpets or floor cracks causing injuries days or weeks after glazing completion. Tools left at heights present falling object hazards that can cause serious injuries to workers below. Proper documentation provides quality assurance records and evidence of completed work meeting specifications. Incomplete cleanup leaves hazards for subsequent trades and compromises professional reputation.

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Frequently asked questions

When is vacuum lifting equipment required instead of manual glass handling?

Vacuum glass lifting equipment should be used for all glass panels exceeding 20 kilograms in weight or 1.5 square metres in area as a standard practice rather than optional aid. These thresholds recognise that beyond these limits, even two-person team lifting creates unacceptable musculoskeletal injury risk regardless of worker fitness or experience. For context, 6mm annealed glass weighs approximately 15kg per square metre, meaning a panel measuring 1800mm x 1200mm (2.16 m²) weighs about 32kg exceeding manual handling limits. Toughened glass has similar weight while insulated glass units and laminated glass weigh considerably more. For commercial glazing projects involving extensive installations or large panels, vacuum lifters should be standard equipment included in project cost estimates and mobilisation planning. Manual handling should be reserved only for small residential windows and panels that genuinely fall within safe lifting limits. Remember that safe lifting limits account not just for static weight but also for awkward positions during installation, carrying distances, repetitive lifts throughout work shifts, and unpredictable forces from wind loading during outdoor work.

What fall protection is required for window installation at heights?

Fall protection for glazing work must follow the hierarchy of controls specified in WHS regulations and AS/NZS standards. First preference is elimination by designing work to be completed from ground level which is rarely practical for upper floor glazing. Second preference is passive fall prevention including scaffolding with guardrails, edge protection on building perimeters, or fully enclosed elevated work platforms that provide continuous protection without requiring active worker participation. These passive systems protect workers even if mistakes or inattention occur. When passive protection cannot eliminate fall risks, work positioning systems using safety harnesses attached to anchor points provide fall restraint preventing workers from reaching fall hazards. Finally, fall arrest systems using full-body harnesses, shock-absorbing lanyards, and engineered anchor points are acceptable when other controls cannot eliminate risks. Critical consideration for glazing is that window openings create fall hazards particularly during installation when workers lean through openings to install external beads or apply sealants. Edge protection may need temporary removal to install glass creating critical periods requiring harness protection. All work at heights requires competent supervision, worker training in fall protection equipment use, and rescue procedures in place before work commences.

How should broken glass be safely cleaned up after a breakage incident?

Broken glass cleanup requires systematic approach preventing laceration injuries while ensuring complete fragment removal. First, evacuate the immediate area preventing other workers or public from entering and potentially contacting glass fragments. Wear heavy-duty cut-resistant gloves rated for glass handling and safety glasses protecting against eye injuries from fragment movement. Use stiff broom and dustpan to collect large glass pieces, working from outer edges of debris field toward centre preventing spreading of fragments. Never use hands to pick up glass fragments even when wearing gloves as sharp edges can penetrate most glove materials. For small fragments, use damp paper towels or tape to collect particles from hard surfaces. For glass in carpets or soft surfaces, use vacuum cleaner with disposable bag and replace bag after cleanup. Double-bag collected glass in heavy-duty plastic bags or dispose in dedicated sharps containers preventing injuries to waste handlers. For toughened glass that shatters into thousands of small pieces, cleanup is particularly challenging requiring multiple passes with broom and vacuum to collect all fragments. Inspect cleanup area carefully using bright lighting to identify any remaining fragments. Document incident including cause of breakage, injuries if any occurred, and corrective actions to prevent recurrence.

What training and qualifications do glaziers need?

Professional glaziers should complete formal Certificate III in Glass and Glazing qualification through registered training organisation, covering glass types and properties, measuring and estimating, cutting and fabrication techniques, installation methods for various framing systems, weatherproofing and sealing, safety glazing requirements, and Australian standards compliance. In addition to trade qualification, glaziers require specific safety training including Working at Heights training for any glazing above 2 metres covering fall protection systems, harness use, and rescue procedures. High-risk work licences are required for operating specific equipment including boom-type elevated work platforms (WP licence) and scissor lifts over 11 metres (WP licence). Vacuum glass lifter operation requires training on specific equipment being used covering pre-use inspections, load rating verification, emergency procedures, and manufacturer requirements. First Aid certification is recommended for all glazing teams as immediate response to laceration injuries is critical. Manual handling training specific to glass panel handling techniques should be provided. For structural glazing, silicone application training and manufacturer certification may be required. All workers require site-specific induction covering site hazards, emergency procedures, and communication protocols. Maintain training records documenting all qualifications and refresher training completion.

How do I verify if window frames are ready for glass installation?

Frame verification before glass installation prevents costly glass breakage and installation defects. Use spirit level to check frames are plumb (vertical sides), level (horizontal sills and heads), and square (90-degree corners). Measure frame diagonals from corner to corner - equal diagonals confirm square frames while unequal diagonals indicate racking requiring correction. Measure frame opening dimensions at multiple points (top, middle, bottom for width; left, centre, right for height) ensuring dimensions are consistent within tolerances specified for frame type, typically ±3mm for most applications. Verify frames are securely fixed to building structure by checking fixing screws or brackets are installed per manufacturer specifications and frames don't move when pressure is applied. Check frame rebates (glass seating areas) are clean, smooth, and free from defects, protrusions, or damage that could contact glass causing stress concentrations. Verify drainage holes in aluminium frames are clear and positioned correctly. Check weatherseals and glazing tapes are correctly installed if these are fitted before glass. Document any deficiencies and require correction before proceeding with glass installation as attempting to install glass in inadequate frames inevitably results in installation problems, glass breakage, or long-term performance issues.

What should be included in a glazing-specific SWMS?

Glazing SWMS must address the specific high-risk activities and hazards of glass installation work. Essential content includes project-specific details covering site location, work description, glass types and sizes, and installation methods. Comprehensive hazard identification must address manual handling of heavy glass panels, falls from heights during elevated installations, severe lacerations from glass edges and breakage, falling glass hazards to workers and public below, chemical exposures from sealants and adhesives, and any site-specific hazards identified during planning. Control measures following hierarchy of controls must document use of vacuum lifting equipment eliminating manual handling where practical, fall protection systems for work at heights, exclusion zones preventing public exposure, glass storage and handling procedures, emergency response for breakage incidents, and PPE requirements. Work procedures section should provide step-by-step installation sequence with safety considerations at each step. Emergency procedures must cover response to serious lacerations including first aid and emergency services contact, fall from heights rescue procedures, and vacuum lifter failure response. Inspection and verification requirements should document pre-start equipment checks, during-work monitoring points, and post-completion quality verification. Include communication protocols, weather limitations preventing safe work, and training requirements for all personnel. SWMS must be site-specific rather than generic, reviewed by workers who will perform work, and kept readily accessible on site throughout installation operations.

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Glass Types, Australian Standards, and Glazier Licensing Requirements

General glazing work encompasses the installation, replacement, and repair of glass panels in windows, doors, shopfronts, balustrades, and architectural applications across residential, commercial, and industrial buildings. AS 1288 Glass in Buildings — Selection and Installation is the primary Australian Standard governing all glazing work, specifying glass type and thickness selection for different applications based on wind load zone, glass area, human impact risk, and building classification. Compliance with AS 1288 is referenced in the National Construction Code (NCC) as the means of satisfying performance requirements for glazing, making it effectively mandatory for all regulated building work. Glaziers in Australia must hold appropriate trade qualifications and in most commercial and residential building contexts, licensed or registered glazier status. Licensing requirements vary by state: in NSW, glazing work on residential and commercial buildings requires a contractor licence under the Home Building Act 1989 or must be performed by qualified persons under a licensed contractor's supervision. In Queensland, a glazier's occupational licence under the Queensland Building and Construction Commission Act 1991 is required. In Victoria, glazing work may be performed under a registered builder's licence as a specialist trade. Workers must confirm the specific licensing requirements in their jurisdiction before undertaking commercial glazing contracts. The glass types used in general glazing each have distinct safety characteristics, installation requirements, and applicable standards. Annealed float glass (standard glass) fractures into large sharp fragments making it unsuitable for safety glazing locations. Toughened (tempered) glass conforming to AS/NZS 4667 is approximately four times stronger than annealed glass and shatters into small granules, making it appropriate for human impact locations. Laminated glass (two or more glass plies bonded with interlayer) conforming to AS/NZS 4666 holds together when broken, preventing penetrating injuries. AS 1288 specifies which glass type is required for each critical location — installers must confirm compliance with safety glazing requirements at every installation and document compliance in job records.

Glass Handling Hazards, Laceration Prevention, and Safe Manual Handling

Glass handling is the most physically dangerous activity in glazing work, with lacerations from broken glass representing the leading cause of injury in the glazing industry. Glass panels are heavy, fragile, and have sharp edges — a standard 6 mm float glass panel of 1200 mm × 1200 mm weighs approximately 22 kg and its edges can inflict deep cuts with minimal contact force. Large glass panels are difficult to see in certain lighting conditions, creating hazards for other workers in the vicinity who may walk into glass being transported. All glass transport within buildings must use wheeled glass trolleys or A-frames that allow safe handling of the panel's weight, rather than manual carrying in two-person teams except for small panes. PPE for glass handling must be selected for the specific task. Cut-resistant gloves rated to at least Level C under AS/NZS ISO 13997 (cut resistance by TDM blade test) are required for handling glass edges — standard work gloves provide inadequate protection against glass edges. Safety glasses or full face shields protect against glass chips and splinter fragments during cutting, drilling, and handling. Heavy-duty leather gloves provide greater overall protection during general glass handling, but the reduced dexterity makes them unsuitable for fine positioning work where thinner cut-resistant gloves or no gloves during final positioning (with extreme care) may be necessary. Safety boots with toe protection and puncture-resistant midsoles protect against glass that falls onto feet or glass fragments on the floor. Glass cutting on site using scoring tools and straight edges is a common activity in glazing that requires specific safety controls. The scoring process creates a weakened line in the glass, and breaking along this line produces sharp glass edges and fine glass powder that must be treated as a respiratory hazard in confined workshop areas. PPE during glass cutting includes safety glasses, cut-resistant gloves, and P2 respiratory protection in poorly ventilated cutting areas. Glass cutting waste — offcuts, broken glass fragments — must be collected in designated glass waste containers (not general waste bins where other workers may reach in without PPE), wrapped in thick paper or cardboard for safe disposal, and disposed of appropriately. Glass fragments on the floor must be swept up with a broom and dustpan, never picked up by hand even if wearing gloves.

Glass Installation Procedures, Safety Glazing Compliance, and Weatherproofing

Glass installation into frames and openings requires systematic preparation to ensure correct fit, proper seating on glazing blocks, and adequate weatherproofing. The frame or opening must be clean, square, and dimensionally correct before the glass is cut and installed. Frame measurement must account for the required clearances specified in AS 1288 — typically 3 mm minimum edge clearance between glass edge and frame rebate on each side to allow thermal expansion without the glass contacting the frame. Glass cut smaller than this allowance leaves the glass edge bearing on the frame, creating stress concentrations that can cause spontaneous fracture, particularly in cold weather when frames contract. Glazing blocks (also called setting blocks) must be positioned at the correct locations to support the glass weight without point loading. AS 1288 specifies that load-bearing setting blocks be positioned at quarter-points of the glass width on the sill (bottom) rebate, and that anti-rattle blocks be positioned at mid-span on the sides. Setting blocks must be the correct hardness — too soft allows the glass to migrate through the block under sustained load, reducing edge clearance; too hard creates stress concentration at the block contact points. Block material must be compatible with the sealant systems used — some synthetic rubbers swell or degrade in contact with certain sealants, reducing their load-bearing capacity over time. Safety glazing compliance is a non-negotiable legal requirement under the NCC. AS 1288 Table 3.1 specifies critical locations requiring safety glazing including: glazed doors and sidelites within 300 mm of a door handle on either side; glazing within 500 mm of floor level in pedestrian areas; glass in stairways and landings; shower screens and bath enclosures; and glass used in balustrading. Installing annealed glass in these locations constitutes a building code non-compliance and creates a latent safety risk for building occupants. The glazier must confirm the glass type from the manufacturer's identification mark (toughened glass is identified by a small etched certification mark in a corner) before installation and document the glass type used at each location in the job records.

Working at Height During Glazing, Completion Inspection, and Defect Management

Glazing of upper-storey windows, facade panels, and atrium glazing requires working at height, with the WHS Regulations classifying work above 2 metres as high-risk construction work requiring documented SWMS. Access equipment selection for glazing at height follows the same hierarchy as other construction work: elevated work platforms (scissor lifts, boom lifts) provide the safest working platform for work at height and should be the first choice for glazing at heights up to 10–12 metres. For higher facades and for work that EWPs cannot access due to setbacks or reduced clearances, suspended scaffold platforms or purpose-built glazing access systems are required. Working from EWPs for glazing installation requires the operator to hold the appropriate High Risk Work Licence (class SE for scissor lifts, class BE for boom lifts). Glazing from an EWP platform adds the challenge of manoeuvring large glass panels while on an elevated platform — the panel must not be extended beyond the platform guardrail during handling, and the EWP must be repositioned to allow safe glass placement from within the guardrail. Glass panels should be pre-positioned at height using the crane or hoist rather than being carried up ladders or in lifts that create manual handling risks from height. At upper-storey openings, edge protection at the opening must be maintained until the glass is installed and the opening is enclosed. Final inspection of completed glazing must confirm: glass type compliance with AS 1288 safety glazing requirements at all critical locations; correct edge clearances on all sides; setting blocks positioned correctly and glass not bearing on frame head or jamb; weatherproofing sealant or gasket continuous and properly fitted; glass surface free from scratches, chips, or edge damage; and all opening sashes and casements operate correctly without binding. Test the weatherproofing by hose testing in accordance with AS/NZS 4284 Testing of Building Facades if required by contract. Defects identified at final inspection must be rectified before the glazier leaves site and before the work is reported as complete. Returning to rectify glazing defects after installation is completed and other trades have progressed around the glazing is significantly more difficult and costly than completing the work correctly at the initial installation.

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Risk Rating

BeforeHigh
After ControlsLow

Key Controls

  • • Pre-start briefing covering hazards
  • • PPE: hard hats, eye protection, gloves
  • • Emergency plan communicated to crew

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