Comprehensive SWMS for Geotextile Laying, Soil Stabilisation, and Weed Suppression

Geofabric Installation Safe Work Method Statement

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Geofabric installation involves laying geotextile materials for soil stabilisation, weed suppression, drainage enhancement, and separation between different soil or aggregate layers in landscaping and civil construction projects. These permeable fabrics serve critical functions including preventing soil erosion on slopes, separating road base from subgrade in pavement construction, stabilising ground beneath hardscape surfaces, filtering sediment whilst allowing water drainage, and providing long-term weed suppression in garden beds and landscape areas. Workers face hazards including manual handling injuries from heavy fabric rolls, underground service strikes during ground preparation, cuts from sharp tools and fabric edges, heat stress during outdoor installation work, and trip hazards from unrolled fabric creating uneven surfaces. This SWMS provides comprehensive safety controls addressing these risks whilst ensuring quality geofabric installation meeting Australian engineering and landscaping standards.

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Overview

What this SWMS covers

Geofabric installation is a specialised landscaping and civil works activity involving the placement of permeable geotextile fabrics to achieve various engineering and horticultural objectives. These synthetic fabrics, manufactured from polypropylene, polyester, or polyethylene materials, provide soil stabilisation by reinforcing weak subgrades, weed suppression by blocking light penetration whilst allowing water and air movement, drainage enhancement through filtration of sediment whilst permitting water flow, and separation between dissimilar soil or aggregate materials preventing intermixing that compromises structural performance. Geofabrics range from lightweight woven materials used for garden bed weed suppression to heavy-duty non-woven needle-punched geotextiles specified for road construction and erosion control applications. Construction projects utilise geofabrics across diverse applications including beneath paved surfaces where fabric separates road base from subgrade preventing aggregate migration into soft soils, on slopes for erosion control where fabric stabilises soil whilst vegetation establishes, under synthetic grass installations where fabric provides weed barrier and drainage enhancement, in garden beds for long-term weed suppression reducing maintenance requirements, beneath decking and paved areas preventing weed growth through surface gaps, in drainage systems as filter fabric around perforated pipes preventing sediment ingress, and in retaining wall construction for drainage and soil separation functions. Each application requires appropriate fabric specification considering factors including required tensile strength, permeability characteristics, ultraviolet resistance for exposed applications, and longevity expectations. Geofabric products are supplied in rolls of varying widths typically ranging from 1.8m to 5.4m with lengths from 50m to 300m depending on fabric type and application. Roll weights vary substantially from approximately 15kg for lightweight woven garden fabrics in short rolls to over 300kg for heavy-duty civil engineering geotextiles in full-length rolls. This weight variation creates significant manual handling considerations requiring assessment of handling methods, mechanical aids, and team lifting protocols for heavy rolls. Installation typically requires ground preparation including vegetation removal, soil levelling or grading, removal of sharp objects that could puncture fabric, and sometimes light compaction to create stable surface for fabric placement. The installation process involves rolling out fabric across prepared ground, maintaining appropriate overlap between adjacent fabric strips typically 300mm minimum, securing fabric using appropriate fixing methods including steel pins or staples for temporary installation or purpose-designed anchoring systems for permanent applications, cutting fabric to fit around obstacles using sharp knives or scissors, and protecting installed fabric from damage during subsequent construction activities. For weed suppression applications, fabric is often covered with mulch, gravel, or decorative aggregate after installation. For structural applications including road construction or slope stabilisation, fabric placement must achieve specified coverage without wrinkles, folds, or tears that could compromise performance, and installation quality is frequently subject to engineering inspection and approval before covering. Environmental conditions significantly affect geofabric installation work. Wind can lift and displace lightweight fabrics during installation requiring immediate securing of leading edges as fabric unrolls. Hot weather creates heat stress risks for workers performing physical labour on exposed sites often with dark-coloured geofabric absorbing and radiating additional heat. Wet conditions make fabric slippery creating slip hazards and can compromise adhesion of some securing methods. Installation on slopes introduces additional fall risks and makes fabric handling more difficult as gravity pulls material downhill. Workers must coordinate carefully when handling large rolls as loss of control on slopes could result in rolls running downhill causing crush injuries to workers or damage to structures in the roll path.

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Why this SWMS matters

Safe Work Method Statements for geofabric installation are essential compliance documents under the Work Health and Safety Act 2011, particularly when installation work involves high-risk construction activities including excavation for ground preparation, operation of mobile plant for material handling or ground works, work on slopes exceeding safe gradients, or work near underground services during site preparation. Without proper documentation and systematic risk management, geofabric installation workers face serious risks including debilitating manual handling injuries from lifting heavy rolls, underground service strikes causing electrocution or explosion hazards, lacerations from cutting tools, and falls on sloped installation sites. Manual handling injuries represent the most common hazard in geofabric installation work. Roll weights ranging from manageable 15-20kg for garden-grade materials to extremely heavy 200-300kg for civil engineering fabrics create substantial musculoskeletal injury risk. Workers frequently underestimate roll weights particularly for unfamiliar fabric types, attempt single-person lifts of rolls requiring team handling, or adopt awkward postures when manoeuvring rolls on uneven ground or slopes. Lower back injuries from improper lifting technique, shoulder strains from carrying rolls across sites, and acute injuries from dropped rolls landing on feet or legs are well-documented in landscaping and civil construction. A comprehensive SWMS ensures appropriate assessment of roll weights, mandatory use of mechanical aids or team lifting for heavy rolls, and clear procedures for safe material handling across diverse site conditions. Ground preparation for geofabric installation frequently requires excavation activities creating underground service strike risks. Many geofabric applications including beneath paved surfaces, around drainage systems, or in garden bed preparation involve soil removal or grading that can contact buried electrical cables, gas lines, water mains, or telecommunications infrastructure. Construction sites present heightened risks as service information may be incomplete, temporary services may exist that are not yet mapped, or services may be in non-standard locations. Striking electrical services during excavation can cause fatal electrocution, arc flash burns, or secondary injuries from recoil. Gas line damage creates fire and explosion hazards plus asphyxiation risks in confined areas. Even striking water or telecommunications services causes significant property damage, service disruption, and contractor liability. The SWMS must document mandatory Dial Before You Dig enquiries, electromagnetic location procedures for service verification, and use of hand tools for careful exposure near identified service locations. Cutting geofabric to fit around obstacles, achieve required dimensions, or create penetrations for services requires use of sharp knives, scissors, or occasionally cutting wheels creating laceration risks. Geofabric materials vary in cutting resistance with tightly woven fabrics requiring substantial force whilst loose non-woven materials cut easily but may bunch or move during cutting creating control difficulties. Workers often cut fabric whilst it is positioned on the ground requiring kneeling or bending postures and creating risks of knife contact with legs or feet if cutting action slips. Dull blades require excessive force increasing loss of control risk. Some installation methods involve cutting fabric under tension around anchoring points creating stored energy that can cause sudden fabric movement or blade deflection if tension releases unexpectedly during cutting. The SWMS ensures appropriate tool selection, blade maintenance procedures, correct cutting techniques maintaining blade direction away from body, and use of cutting mats or boards providing stable surface and protecting against ground contact injuries. Work on sloped sites for erosion control or landscape contouring applications creates fall hazards and complicates material handling. Slopes present unstable footing particularly on loose or freshly graded soil, create difficulties controlling heavy fabric rolls that can accelerate downhill if released, and may require workers to adopt awkward reaching or off-balance postures during installation and securing operations. Falls on slopes can result in serious injuries particularly if workers slide into obstacles, over edges, or into excavations. Heavy fabric rolls escaping control on slopes can run downhill at high speed creating crush hazards for workers in their path or causing property damage to structures, vehicles, or equipment. The SWMS must specify maximum safe working slopes, mandatory use of mechanical aids or rope systems for material control on steep slopes, and appropriate securing procedures preventing roll movement during installation activities.

Reinforce licensing, insurance, and regulator expectations for Geofabric Installation Safe Work Method Statement crews before they mobilise.

Hazard identification

Surface the critical risks tied to this work scope and communicate them to every worker.

Risk register

Manual Handling Injuries from Heavy Geofabric Rolls

High

Geofabric rolls vary dramatically in weight from lightweight garden-grade materials around 15-20kg to heavy-duty civil engineering geotextiles weighing 200-300kg per roll. Workers frequently underestimate roll weight particularly when handling unfamiliar fabric specifications, leading to attempted single-person lifts of rolls requiring team handling or mechanical aids. Lifting heavy rolls from ground level, from vehicle trays or pallets, and manoeuvring them into position on uneven ground requires substantial physical effort and proper technique. Rolls are cylindrical creating awkward grip requirements with limited hand-hold options. Long rolls can be unwieldy with weight distributed across extended length making balance difficult during carrying. Ground conditions including loose soil, slopes, or obstacles compound lifting difficulties. Repetitive handling of multiple rolls during large installation projects creates cumulative musculoskeletal loading even when individual lifts are within safe limits.

Consequence: Acute lower back strain or disc herniation from improper lifting technique or excessive load, chronic lower back degeneration from repetitive heavy lifting, shoulder injuries from carrying heavy rolls, crushed feet or toes if heavy rolls are dropped during handling, hernias from excessive strain during lifting, and long-term disability from cumulative musculoskeletal damage requiring modified duties or medical retirement.

Underground Service Strikes During Ground Preparation

High

Geofabric installation frequently requires ground preparation including vegetation removal, soil grading, excavation to achieve design levels, and removal of rocks or debris. These activities involve excavation that can contact underground electrical cables, gas lines, water mains, telecommunications cables, and sewer infrastructure. Construction sites may have incomplete service records, recently installed temporary services not captured in utility plans, or services in non-standard locations due to prior site works. Even shallow excavation of 100-200mm for garden bed preparation can contact services particularly where topsoil has been removed exposing services originally at safe depth. Mechanical equipment including excavators, bobcats, or graders used for site preparation can strike services with significant force causing catastrophic damage. Hand tools including mattocks, shovels, or star pickets driven for marking can penetrate service conduits or directly contact conductors or pipes.

Consequence: Fatal electrocution from contact with high-voltage electrical cables, severe arc flash burns from electrical faults, explosion and fire from damaged gas lines, asphyxiation in confined areas from gas releases, major property damage and service disruption from water main or sewer damage, substantial financial penalties and legal liability for service damage, and project delays whilst services are repaired and investigations conducted.

Laceration Injuries from Cutting Tools and Fabric Edges

Medium

Cutting geofabric to required dimensions, fitting around obstacles, or creating penetrations for services requires sharp knives, heavy-duty scissors, or cutting wheels. Workers typically cut fabric whilst it is positioned on the ground requiring kneeling or bending postures with cutting action directed toward legs, feet, or supporting hand. Tightly woven geofabrics require substantial cutting force increasing likelihood of blade slipping or punching through fabric unexpectedly. Dull blades compound force requirements and control difficulties. Some geofabric materials have reinforcing elements or grids that can deflect cutting blades causing loss of control. Cutting under tension around securing points creates stored energy that may cause sudden fabric movement if tension releases. Additionally, some geofabric materials particularly woven types can develop sharp edges during cutting or if torn, capable of causing cuts during subsequent handling. Metal securing pins and staples also present puncture risks during installation and removal operations.

Consequence: Deep lacerations to hands, fingers, legs, or feet requiring medical treatment and potential surgical repair, severed tendons causing loss of function and requiring reconstructive surgery, puncture wounds from securing pins creating infection risk particularly in contaminated soil environments, eye injuries if cutting actions cause debris projection, and secondary injuries from loss of balance if laceration occurs whilst working in awkward postures on slopes or uneven ground.

Slips, Trips, and Falls on Uneven Surfaces and Slopes

Medium

Geofabric installation occurs on diverse terrain including slopes for erosion control, uneven ground being prepared for landscaping, freshly graded and loose soil lacking compaction and stable footing, and surfaces made slippery by rain or morning dew on fabric surfaces. Unrolled geofabric creates trip hazards as workers walk across installation area particularly when fabric develops wrinkles or folds. Working backward whilst unrolling fabric prevents visual awareness of ground surface and obstacles behind worker. Installation on slopes creates unstable footing and fall risks particularly when carrying materials or working in bent postures to secure fabric. Loose soil on slopes can slide under foot loading causing loss of balance. Morning dew on plastic geofabric surfaces creates very slippery conditions until sun dries material. Fabric covering ground obscures surface irregularities, holes, or obstacles that could cause trips or twisted ankles.

Consequence: Ankle sprains or fractures from stepping in holes or on uneven surfaces obscured by fabric, wrist or arm fractures from falls onto hard ground or rocky surfaces, head injuries from falls on slopes causing sliding into obstacles or over edges, soft tissue injuries and bruising from falls whilst carrying materials or tools, and increased injury severity if falls occur whilst holding sharp cutting tools or metal securing pins.

Heat Stress and UV Exposure During Outdoor Installation

Medium

Geofabric installation is conducted entirely outdoors often on exposed sites lacking shade particularly during site development phase before vegetation or structures exist. Physical labour of handling heavy rolls, ground preparation activities, and working in bent postures generates substantial metabolic heat. Dark-coloured geofabric absorbs solar radiation and re-radiates heat creating localised hot environments when workers are positioned close to fabric during securing operations. Installation work frequently occurs during warmer months when ground conditions are suitable and projects are active. Strenuous activity combined with high ambient temperatures, radiant heat from sun and fabric surfaces, and often inadequate hydration increases core body temperature. Heat stress can progress from heat exhaustion causing dizziness, nausea, and reduced work capacity to heat stroke requiring emergency medical intervention. Chronic sun exposure causes cumulative skin damage and significantly increases skin cancer risk, with Australia having amongst the highest melanoma rates globally.

Consequence: Heat exhaustion causing dizziness, nausea, muscle cramps, and reduced work capacity requiring rest and recovery, progression to heat stroke with confusion, loss of consciousness, and potential fatality if emergency cooling and medical treatment is delayed, dehydration affecting physical performance and increasing injury susceptibility, acute sunburn causing pain and potential blistering, and long-term skin cancer risk from chronic unprotected UV exposure during outdoor work.

Control measures

Deploy layered controls aligned to the hierarchy of hazard management.

Implementation guide

Underground Service Location and Safe Excavation Procedures

Elimination

Eliminate underground service strike risk through comprehensive service location before commencing any ground disturbance work, electromagnetic location to verify service positions on site, and use of hand tools for careful exposure in areas where services are identified or suspected. This control hierarchy level prioritises eliminating the hazard of unexpected service contact rather than relying on work practices or protective equipment to manage consequences after contact occurs.

Implementation

1. Contact Dial Before You Dig (1100) minimum two business days before work providing accurate site location using street address, lot number, and GPS coordinates 2. Obtain and review service plans from all asset owners identifying location of electrical, gas, water, sewer, and telecommunications infrastructure 3. Engage qualified service locator with electromagnetic location equipment to verify actual service positions on site before excavation 4. Mark identified service locations on ground surface using paint, marker pegs, or flagging tape with colour coding per AS 5488 (red for electrical, yellow for gas, blue for water) 5. Maintain 500mm minimum clearance from identified services during mechanical excavation using excavators, bobcats, or other plant 6. Use hand tools only for excavation within 500mm of identified service locations allowing tactile awareness and immediate stop if resistance encountered 7. Expose services carefully where excavation must cross service alignments, supporting cables or pipes to prevent damage from sagging or movement 8. Clearly mark exposed services with highly visible bunting or barrier tape to prevent accidental contact during subsequent work 9. Halt work immediately and contact service authority if unexpected services are encountered during excavation 10. Photograph service locations and mark on site plans maintaining record of as-found conditions for future reference and compliance documentation

Manual Handling Assessment and Mechanical Aids for Heavy Rolls

Substitution

Reduce manual handling injury risk by substituting manual lifting and carrying of heavy geofabric rolls with mechanical handling aids including forklifts, telehandlers, or material handling equipment. Where mechanical aids are not feasible due to site access limitations, implement team lifting protocols and break down large rolls into smaller, more manageable sections reducing individual lift weights. This substitution approach replaces high-risk manual handling with lower-risk mechanical handling or shared loads.

Implementation

1. Assess weight of all geofabric rolls before handling - refer to product specifications or weigh using appropriate scales if specifications unavailable 2. Establish mandatory mechanical handling for all rolls exceeding 50kg using forklift, telehandler, excavator with lifting attachment, or purpose-designed roll handling equipment 3. Position mechanical handling equipment to place rolls directly at installation location eliminating or minimising manual carrying requirements 4. For rolls 25-50kg, implement mandatory two-person team lift with clear communication protocols and coordinated movement 5. For accessible sites, order smaller roll sizes even if this increases cost per square metre - specify maximum 50m length rolls rather than 100-300m rolls 6. Use roll dispensers or purpose-built unwinding frames for large rolls allowing fabric to unroll without lifting entire roll weight 7. Position delivery vehicles as close to installation area as site permits reducing carry distance for rolls requiring manual handling 8. Construct temporary access tracks using timber mats or geotextile and aggregate if needed to permit mechanical equipment access to installation areas 9. Schedule adequate crew size for installation projects ensuring sufficient personnel available for team lifting without requiring risky solo handling 10. Provide hand trucks, trolleys, or wheeled carriers for transporting securing materials, tools, and accessories across site reducing cumulative manual carrying load

Slope Stabilisation and Material Control Procedures

Engineering Control

Implement engineering controls for work on sloped sites including temporary anchoring systems to prevent material movement, non-slip pathways for safe access, and roll containment barriers preventing uncontrolled downhill movement if material handling control is lost. These physical measures create safer working environment on slopes rather than relying solely on worker technique and awareness.

Implementation

1. Assess slope gradient before commencing installation work - slopes exceeding 1:3 (18 degrees) require additional controls and may necessitate alternative installation methods 2. Install temporary safety rope lines anchored at top of slope providing hand-hold for workers during ascent, descent, and lateral movement 3. Create level working platforms at intervals on long slopes using timber or earth works where sustained installation activity required 4. Construct temporary stake barriers or earth berms at base of slopes to arrest geofabric rolls if they escape control during handling 5. Use rope or webbing slings attached to rolls allowing controlled lowering down slopes rather than carrying which creates high imbalance risk 6. Anchor top edge of geofabric securely before unrolling down slope preventing entire fabric area sliding downhill if control lost during installation 7. Install geofabric working from top of slope downward allowing workers to work from completed fabric rather than unstable soil 8. Secure each fabric section immediately after positioning before moving to adjacent areas preventing wind lift or sliding on slopes 9. Schedule slope work during dry conditions when soil provides better traction - postpone if rain forecast or ground is wet 10. Limit slope work to experienced personnel trained in fall prevention and slope work hazards excluding inexperienced workers from high-risk areas

Safe Cutting Tool Procedures and Edge Protection

Administrative Control

Implement systematic procedures for safe fabric cutting including appropriate tool selection and maintenance, correct cutting techniques maintaining blade direction away from body and limbs, and use of cutting aids providing stable surface and protecting against through-cuts contacting body parts. Combine with edge protection procedures preventing cuts from sharp fabric edges during handling and installation activities.

Implementation

1. Issue appropriate cutting tools matched to fabric type - heavy-duty retractable knives with sharp replaceable blades for woven fabrics, scissors for lightweight materials 2. Implement blade replacement schedule ensuring cutting edges remain sharp requiring minimal force - replace immediately when excessive pressure needed 3. Require cutting on stable surface using cutting board, timber plank, or purpose-designed mat preventing blade travelling through fabric into legs or supporting hand 4. Train workers in correct cutting technique: secure fabric firmly, cut away from body, keep supporting hand clear of cutting path, use deliberate controlled strokes 5. Prohibit cutting toward any body part or other workers - if cutting direction would create this risk, reposition fabric or worker stance 6. Use long-handled fabric shears or rotary cutters allowing standing posture for long cuts rather than kneeling with knife creating lower body contact risk 7. Require blade retraction or covering immediately after each cutting operation preventing exposed blades during tool carrying or storage 8. Inspect geofabric edges after cutting and fold or tape sharp edges preventing cuts during subsequent handling particularly when pulling fabric into position 9. Wear cut-resistant gloves rated minimum Level 3 per AS/NZS 2161.4 during intensive cutting operations providing protection if control lost 10. Maintain first aid supplies including wound dressings, antiseptic, and irrigation solution for immediate treatment of lacerations before transport to medical care

Heat Stress Prevention and UV Protection Programme

Administrative Control

Implement comprehensive heat stress prevention programme including work scheduling to avoid peak heat periods, mandatory rest breaks in shade, enhanced hydration protocols, and heat acclimatisation for workers new to outdoor physical labour. Combine with sun protection measures addressing Australia's extreme UV radiation environment through PPE, sunscreen provision, and awareness training regarding skin cancer risks.

Implementation

1. Monitor weather forecasts and Bureau of Meteorology heat warnings scheduling intensive installation work during cooler morning periods when possible 2. Implement mandatory 10-minute rest breaks in shade every 45-60 minutes during work in temperatures exceeding 30°C or as determined by heat stress risk assessment 3. Establish shaded rest areas using temporary gazebos, shade cloth, or vehicle shade even on exposed sites lacking natural shade 4. Provide insulated water containers maintaining cool water temperature with target consumption 200-250ml every 15-20 minutes during high heat conditions 5. Include electrolyte replacement drinks or ice blocks during extreme heat periods preventing hyponatraemia from excessive plain water consumption 6. Train workers in heat stress recognition including symptoms progression from heat exhaustion to heat stroke and immediate response procedures including cooling and emergency services contact 7. Implement buddy system requiring workers to monitor colleagues for heat stress symptoms including excessive sweating, complaints of dizziness or nausea, reduced work rate, or confusion 8. Provide broad-brimmed hats, long-sleeved sun-safe shirts, and SPF 50+ sunscreen in all work vehicles for mandatory use during outdoor work 9. Schedule acclimatisation period for workers new to outdoor physical work or returning after extended absence gradually increasing work intensity over 5-7 days 10. Cease work if maximum temperature exceeds 38°C or if heat stress symptoms observed despite implementation of preventative measures

Personal Protective Equipment for Geofabric Installation

Personal Protective Equipment

Provide comprehensive PPE suite addressing multiple hazards in geofabric installation including manual handling support, cut protection, sun exposure, and general construction site requirements. Ensure PPE is correctly fitted, maintained in serviceable condition, replaced when damaged, and workers are trained in proper use. PPE serves as final control layer supporting higher-order controls rather than primary risk management.

Implementation

1. Issue steel-capped safety boots meeting AS/NZS 2210.3 protecting feet from dropped rolls, securing pins, and tools with slip-resistant soles for slope work 2. Provide work gloves with reinforced palms for general handling protecting from fabric abrasion, securing pins, and minor impacts 3. Supply cut-resistant gloves rated minimum Level 3 per AS/NZS 2161.4 for workers performing intensive cutting operations 4. Issue safety glasses with side shields meeting AS/NZS 1337 protecting eyes from dust, debris, and potential cutting tool incidents 5. Provide broad-brimmed hats with minimum 7.5cm brim meeting Cancer Council Australia recommendations for comprehensive sun protection 6. Supply long-sleeved cotton or breathable synthetic shirts providing arm coverage from sun and abrasion in light colours for heat management 7. Issue long trousers (never shorts) protecting legs from ground contact during kneeling, vegetation scratches, and sun exposure 8. Provide knee pads for workers conducting sustained kneeling during securing operations reducing knee compression and improving comfort 9. Supply high-visibility vests or shirts if work occurs near active roadways, mobile plant operations, or other construction activities 10. Maintain PPE replacement programme ensuring items are replaced when damaged, worn beyond effective protection, or contaminated beyond cleaning capability

Download complete control procedures

Personal protective equipment

Requirement: Meeting AS/NZS 2210.3 with slip-resistant sole

When: Throughout all geofabric installation activities protecting feet from dropped rolls, securing pins, tools, and providing traction on slopes and loose soil

Requirement: Leather or synthetic with reinforced palms

When: During fabric handling, roll manoeuvring, and securing operations protecting from abrasion, splinters from timber aids, and minor impacts

Requirement: Rated minimum Level 3 per AS/NZS 2161.4

When: During intensive fabric cutting operations providing protection from knife and scissors blade contact if control lost

Requirement: Medium impact with side shields per AS/NZS 1337

When: Throughout installation work protecting eyes from dust during ground preparation, debris from cutting operations, and general construction hazards

Requirement: Minimum 7.5cm brim meeting Cancer Council guidelines

When: During all outdoor work for comprehensive protection from UV radiation to face, neck, and ears particularly during peak UV periods 10am-3pm

Requirement: Cotton or breathable synthetic in light colours

When: Throughout all work providing arm protection from sun exposure and abrasion during ground contact work

Requirement: Durable work trousers covering full leg length

When: Mandatory throughout all installation work protecting legs from sun, ground contact during kneeling, and vegetation scratches

Requirement: Foam or gel padding with secure straps

When: During sustained kneeling for securing operations reducing knee compression and improving comfort during extended ground contact

Inspections & checks

Before work starts

  • ✓Conduct site assessment identifying ground conditions, slope gradients, underground service locations, and environmental hazards including venomous creatures
  • ✓Verify Dial Before You Dig enquiry completed and service plans obtained for work area - confirm no high-risk services in excavation zone
  • ✓Inspect geofabric rolls checking product matches specification, rolls show no damage from transport, and weight is within crew handling capability
  • ✓Verify mechanical handling equipment is available and serviceable if required for heavy rolls - check forklift, telehandler, or excavator operation
  • ✓Inspect cutting tools checking blades are sharp, handles are secure, retraction mechanisms function, and tools are appropriate for fabric type
  • ✓Check securing materials availability including pins, staples, or anchoring system components in sufficient quantity for work scope
  • ✓Verify PPE serviceability including safety boots, gloves (general and cut-resistant), safety glasses, hats, and sunscreen availability
  • ✓Assess weather conditions including temperature for heat stress risk, wind speed for fabric control, and rain forecast affecting ground conditions
  • ✓Identify emergency assembly point, verify mobile phone reception for emergency communication, and confirm location of nearest medical facility
  • ✓Review installation plan including fabric layout, overlap requirements, securing methods, and quality control inspection points
  • ✓Check first aid kit contents including wound dressings for laceration treatment, snake bite bandages, and heat stress response supplies
  • ✓Establish exclusion zones around work area if using mechanical equipment for ground preparation or material handling

During work

  • ✓Monitor manual handling techniques ensuring proper lifting posture, team coordination for shared loads, and use of mechanical aids as required
  • ✓Verify fabric positioning maintains specified overlaps between strips, fabric lies flat without wrinkles or folds, and orientation is correct
  • ✓Check securing operations achieve appropriate pin or staple spacing per specification and fixings penetrate to adequate depth for stability
  • ✓Monitor ground conditions if excavation progressing concurrently - halt work immediately if services encountered or suspected
  • ✓Observe cutting operations confirming safe technique with cuts directed away from body and workers using stable cutting surfaces
  • ✓Verify fabric edges are secured progressively during installation preventing wind lift, sliding on slopes, or trip hazards from loose fabric
  • ✓Monitor workers for heat stress symptoms particularly during high temperature periods ensuring break compliance and hydration
  • ✓Check weather conditions continuously - halt work if wind increases preventing fabric control or storm develops creating lightning risk
  • ✓Inspect completed sections verifying fabric coverage, overlap adequacy, and securing before proceeding to subsequent areas
  • ✓Maintain communication between crew members particularly when handling large rolls requiring coordinated movement

After work

  • ✓Inspect completed installation verifying fabric coverage meets specification, overlaps are adequate, and no tears or damage present
  • ✓Check all securing pins or staples are flush with fabric surface preventing trip hazards and ensuring adequate anchoring
  • ✓Clean all cutting tools removing fabric residue and debris, and retract or cover blades before storage preventing accidental contact
  • ✓Verify excavations are backfilled or barricaded if left open, and any exposed services are clearly marked and reported to relevant authority
  • ✓Dispose of fabric offcuts and waste appropriately - consider recycling options for large clean offcuts, send contaminated waste to landfill
  • ✓Document installation including fabric product specification, coverage area, installation date, crew, and any variations from original plan
  • ✓Photograph completed work before covering with mulch, aggregate, or soil providing record for quality assurance and future reference
  • ✓Report any quality concerns including inadequate ground preparation, fabric defects, or installation difficulties for assessment and rectification
  • ✓Complete tool and equipment inventory ensuring all items are accounted for and secured in vehicles preventing loss or theft
  • ✓Remove all waste including packaging, offcuts, and securing material excess restoring site to tidy condition for subsequent works
  • ✓Document near-miss incidents, tool failures, or safety concerns for investigation and corrective action implementation

Step-by-step work procedure

Give supervisors and crews a clear, auditable sequence for the task.

Field ready

Site Preparation and Underground Service Verification

Commence geofabric installation with comprehensive site preparation ensuring ground conditions are suitable and underground services are located and marked. Verify Dial Before You Dig enquiry has been completed and service plans obtained showing location of all buried infrastructure. Engage service locator with electromagnetic equipment to verify actual service positions on ground, as plans provide indicative locations only and services may have been relocated during previous works. Mark identified services on ground surface using appropriate colour coding per AS 5488: red for electrical, yellow for gas, blue for water, orange for telecommunications. Clear the installation area of vegetation, debris, rocks, or sharp objects that could puncture geofabric during installation or in service. Remove protruding roots, broken glass, metal fragments, and any items with sharp edges or points. Grade surface to design levels using appropriate equipment ensuring slope gradients meet specification. If excavation is required, maintain minimum 500mm clearance from marked services using mechanical equipment, switching to hand tools within this distance for safe exposure. Lightly compact prepared surface if required by specification providing stable base for fabric placement. Flag or barricade any exposed services ensuring visibility and protection during installation work.

Safety considerations

Never commence ground preparation without confirmed service location information and electromagnetic verification on site. Maintain mandatory 500mm clearance from identified services during mechanical excavation, using hand tools only within this critical zone. Halt work immediately if unexpected services are encountered and contact relevant authority before proceeding. Ensure adequate supervision of excavation work with competent person monitoring for service indicators including coloured warning tape, conduits, or service markers.

Material Delivery and Roll Handling

Coordinate delivery of geofabric materials ensuring rolls are placed as close to installation area as site access permits. Verify delivered product matches specification regarding fabric type, weight, permeability, and roll dimensions. Inspect rolls for damage during transport including tears, contamination, or packaging failure. Check roll labels confirming product specifications and reviewing manufacturer's installation instructions if provided. Assess roll weights before handling - refer to delivery documentation or product specifications, and weigh unknown rolls using appropriate scales. Establish handling method based on assessed weight: rolls under 25kg may be handled individually using correct manual handling technique, rolls 25-50kg require mandatory two-person team lift with clear communication, rolls exceeding 50kg must be handled using mechanical aids including forklift, telehandler, or excavator with appropriate attachment. Position mechanical handling equipment to place rolls directly at installation starting point where possible. If manual carrying is required, use proper lifting technique: stand close to roll, bend knees maintaining straight back, grip roll securely, lift using leg muscles, keep roll close to body during carry, avoid twisting whilst loaded. For work on slopes, use rope or webbing slings to lower heavy rolls in controlled manner rather than carrying. Secure rolls against movement using chocks, stakes, or positioning against stable objects preventing accidental rolling particularly on sloped sites.

Safety considerations

Never attempt to lift or carry geofabric rolls without first confirming weight and establishing appropriate handling method. Implement mandatory mechanical handling or team lift for heavy rolls regardless of individual worker strength or experience. Exercise extreme caution with rolls on slopes as loss of control can result in rapid downhill movement creating crush hazards. Ensure adequate crew size is available for required team lifting - do not proceed with insufficient personnel. Position delivery vehicles and handling equipment on stable, level ground preventing tip-over or roll-away incidents.

Initial Fabric Positioning and Unrolling

Position the first geofabric roll at the installation starting point with roll orientation ensuring fabric will unroll in the planned direction. For slope installations, always position roll at top of slope and unroll downward allowing gravity to assist and enabling workers to operate from completed fabric area rather than unstable soil. For large level areas, establish logical starting edge typically along a straight boundary or previously installed fabric edge. Remove packaging from roll carefully cutting strapping or wrapping whilst controlling fabric to prevent sudden unrolling. Secure the leading edge of fabric using appropriate fixing method for the application: steel pins or staples at 1m intervals for temporary securing, purpose-designed anchors for permanent installations, or weighted down with timber, aggregate, or machinery if only temporary stabilisation needed before subsequent securing. Begin unrolling fabric walking backward whilst controlling unroll rate to prevent fabric bunching, wrinkles, or folds. For large heavy rolls, use mechanical unrolling aid such as purpose-built dispenser frame, or engage second worker to help support and guide roll during unrolling. Maintain fabric alignment with planned installation direction making minor adjustments as unrolling proceeds. If wind is present, secure fabric progressively every 3-5 metres during unrolling preventing wind lift. On slopes, maintain control of roll preventing acceleration - use rope restraint if necessary to control descent rate.

Safety considerations

Always secure the leading edge before commencing unrolling to prevent entire fabric area pulling free if control is lost. On slopes, use rope or webbing attached to roll allowing controlled descent preventing dangerous acceleration. Monitor wind conditions continuously - halt work if wind prevents fabric control despite progressive securing. Walk backward carefully during unrolling maintaining awareness of ground behind you and having second worker provide verbal guidance regarding obstacles or hazards. Never stand directly downhill from rolls on slopes as loss of control could result in roll running over worker position.

Fabric Trimming and Fitting

After unrolling fabric to required location, trim to final dimensions and cut penetrations for obstacles, services, or structures. Measure carefully before cutting to minimise waste and ensure adequate coverage including specified overlaps. Use appropriate cutting tool matched to fabric type: heavy-duty retractable knife with sharp blade for woven geotextiles, heavy scissors for lightweight materials, or rotary cutter for long straight cuts. Position cutting board, timber plank, or purpose-designed cutting mat beneath fabric providing stable cutting surface and preventing blade contacting ground or legs if cut penetrates fabric. Secure fabric firmly preventing movement during cutting ensuring clean accurate cuts. Use deliberate controlled cutting strokes maintaining blade direction away from body at all times. Keep supporting hand well clear of cutting path positioned to hold fabric secure without being in line with blade travel. For penetrations around posts, trees, or service risers, make radial cuts from centre to edge of obstacle allowing fabric to open around obstruction, then trim to neat fit. Cut overlaps at 45-degree angles where fabric meets at corners providing neat appearance and preventing bunching. After cutting, inspect edges and fold or tape any particularly sharp cut edges preventing cuts during subsequent handling. Immediately retract or cover knife blade after each cutting operation preventing accidental contact during tool movement. Collect offcuts for disposal preventing trip hazards and maintaining tidy worksite.

Safety considerations

Always cut on stable surface using cutting board or mat preventing blade travelling through fabric into legs or supporting hand beneath. Maintain blade direction away from body and other workers at all times - if planned cutting direction would create body contact risk, reposition fabric or worker stance rather than cutting toward yourself. Replace dull blades immediately as excessive force requirements increase loss of control risk. Wear cut-resistant gloves during intensive cutting operations providing protection if control is lost. Never cut fabric under tension around securing points as sudden release can cause fabric movement or blade deflection causing injury.

Securing and Anchoring Fabric

Secure positioned and trimmed geofabric using appropriate fixing method based on application and specification requirements. For garden bed weed suppression, use steel pins or staples typically at 1 metre spacing around perimeter and at fabric overlaps, with additional securing at 2-3 metre intervals across fabric field preventing wind lift. For structural applications including pavement separation or erosion control, follow engineering specification which may require specific anchor types, spacing, and installation depth. Drive securing pins at slight angle toward fabric centre providing mechanical resistance to pull-out. Use appropriate driving tool: rubber mallet for light pins in soft soil, club hammer for standard steel pins, or mechanical post driver for large anchors in hard ground. Ensure pins are driven flush with or slightly below fabric surface preventing trip hazards and damage to covering materials. At fabric overlaps, secure through both layers ensuring continuity of coverage and preventing separation. On slopes, install additional securing at closer spacing preventing downhill sliding particularly at top edge where fabric weight creates tension. For permanent installations, some specifications require anchoring trenches where fabric edge is buried in trench backfilled with soil providing very secure fixing resistant to wind and other forces. Verify securing adequacy by attempting to lift fabric edges - properly secured fabric should resist moderate pull without pins withdrawing or fabric tearing. Inspect and adjust securing as needed before proceeding with covering operations.

Safety considerations

Wear safety glasses when driving pins as hammer strikes can cause metal fragments or soil debris to project toward face. Maintain awareness of hand position when driving pins keeping fingers clear of strike zone preventing crush injuries if hammer strike misses pin head. On slopes, work from uphill side of securing location preventing loss of balance if hammer swing creates off-balance force. Check for underground services before driving pins particularly in areas near identified service locations - never drive pins directly over marked services. Use appropriate driving force avoiding excessive hammer swings that could result in shoulder strain or loss of control.

Quality Inspection and Documentation

Conduct comprehensive quality inspection of completed geofabric installation before authorising covering with aggregate, soil, or mulch. Verify fabric coverage is complete across specified area with no gaps between fabric strips except at deliberate penetrations for services or structures. Check all overlaps meet minimum specification typically 300mm but confirm against project requirements. Inspect fabric surface for wrinkles, folds, or bunching that could compromise performance - address by lifting and re-laying affected areas. Verify securing is adequate with all pins flush to fabric surface, appropriate spacing achieved, and no areas where fabric can lift or slide. Check for tears or punctures addressing immediately either through patching with additional fabric secured over damaged area or replacing damaged section if tear is extensive. Photograph completed installation from multiple angles providing visual record before covering obscures fabric. Document installation details including fabric product specification and manufacturer, installation date and crew, coverage area in square metres, any variations from original specification or plan, and quality inspection outcomes. Mark installation area boundaries on site plan particularly for large projects or where multiple fabric types are used in different zones. Notify project supervisor or engineer that installation is complete and ready for covering or subsequent works. Maintain installation records for warranty purposes and future reference if fabric performance issues arise requiring investigation.

Safety considerations

Conduct final inspection during daylight hours with good visibility ensuring all quality issues are identified before covering makes inspection impossible. Verify all securing pins are flush to surface preventing trip hazards for workers conducting covering operations. Remove temporary securing pins, excess offcuts, and packaging materials from work area preventing trip hazards and maintaining tidy site for subsequent trades. Ensure any excavations for service exposure or anchor trenches are properly backfilled or barricaded preventing fall hazards.

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Frequently asked questions

What geofabric specification should be used for different landscaping applications and how does this affect installation requirements?

Geofabric specification selection depends critically on intended function and site conditions. For garden bed weed suppression under mulch or decorative aggregate, lightweight woven geotextiles (typically 80-100gsm) provide adequate weed blocking whilst allowing water and air movement essential for plant health. These materials are supplied in manageable roll sizes around 15-20kg making manual handling feasible. For separation applications beneath paved surfaces preventing aggregate migration into soft subgrade, medium-weight non-woven needle-punched geotextiles (typically 140-200gsm) provide separation whilst permitting drainage. For erosion control on slopes, heavier geotextiles (200-300gsm) or geocomposites may be specified providing soil stabilisation during vegetation establishment. Civil engineering applications including road construction require very heavy-duty geotextiles meeting specified tensile strength often exceeding 20kN/m requiring careful installation to avoid damage. Heavier specifications arrive in larger, heavier rolls often requiring mechanical handling. All specifications should consider UV resistance for exposed applications, permeability matching site drainage requirements, and compatibility with soil type and conditions. Product technical data sheets provide installation guidance including recommended overlap dimensions, securing methods and spacing, and restrictions on installation techniques to prevent fabric damage.

How should geofabric installation on steep slopes be managed to prevent worker falls and control material movement?

Slope installations require additional safety controls beyond level ground procedures. Firstly, assess slope gradient - slopes exceeding 1:3 (approximately 18 degrees) require enhanced controls and may necessitate alternative methods including installation from elevated work platforms or rope access techniques. For moderate slopes within safe working range, install temporary safety rope lines anchored at slope top providing hand-hold for workers during movement and emergency arrest if slip occurs. Position roll at top of slope and unroll downhill allowing gravity to assist and enabling workers to walk on completed fabric rather than unstable soil. Secure top edge of fabric immediately before unrolling using anchors, pins at close spacing, or burial in trench preventing entire fabric sliding downhill if control lost. Use rope or webbing slings attached to large rolls allowing controlled descent rate rather than carrying which creates severe imbalance risk on slopes. Consider constructing temporary stake barriers or earth berms at slope base to arrest rolls if they escape control preventing injury to workers or damage to structures downhill. Increase securing density on slopes compared to level ground, particularly at top edge where fabric weight creates maximum tension. Install working from top downward securing each section progressively before moving to area below. Schedule slope work during dry conditions only as wet soil provides inadequate traction and fabric becomes slippery when damp. Limit slope work to experienced workers excluding those new to slope work from high-risk areas.

What securing methods and spacing are appropriate for different geofabric applications and ground conditions?

Securing method selection depends on application permanence, expected forces from wind or traffic, and ground conditions. For temporary garden bed installations, standard 150-200mm steel pins or heavy-duty staples at 1 metre spacing around perimeter and overlaps typically suffice, with 2-3 metre spacing across fabric field. Soft soils permit easy pin insertion but may provide less pull-out resistance requiring closer spacing or longer pins. Rocky or heavily compacted soils prevent easy pin driving and may require pre-drilling pilot holes or use of mechanical post drivers. For permanent pavement applications, engineering specifications typically require purpose-designed anchors at specified spacing often 0.5-1.0 metre intervals achieving required pull-out resistance values verified through field testing. Anchor trenches provide very secure fixing for slope stabilisation or where high wind forces expected - fabric edge is buried 300mm deep in trench then backfilled and compacted. On slopes, securing density must increase compared to level installations particularly at top edge and along contours preventing downhill sliding. Wind-exposed sites require closer pin spacing or additional securing with weighted materials until covering can be completed. Overlap areas must always be secured through both fabric layers preventing separation - some specifications require offset securing pattern ensuring pins don't align through overlapping fabrics which could create weak line. For erosion control applications subject to water flow, additional U-shaped wire staples or proprietary anchoring systems may be specified providing resistance to hydraulic forces. Always verify securing adequacy before covering - properly secured fabric should resist moderate pull without pins withdrawing or fabric tearing at pin locations.

What Dial Before You Dig procedures are required before geofabric installation ground preparation and how should identified services be managed?

All geofabric installation requiring ground disturbance must commence with Dial Before You Dig enquiry through the national service (phone 1100 or online portal) providing minimum two business days notice before work commences. The enquiry must include accurate work location using street address, lot number, property description, or GPS coordinates ensuring all asset owners can identify whether they have infrastructure in the work area. Provide site plan or aerial photograph marking proposed work area assisting asset owners in determining service presence. Upon receiving service plans, review carefully noting location, type, and depth of all identified services. Understand that plans show indicative locations only - actual service positions may vary up to several metres from shown locations particularly for older infrastructure. Engage qualified service locator with electromagnetic location equipment to verify actual positions on ground before excavation. Mark identified services on ground surface using appropriate colour coding per AS 5488: red for electrical, yellow for gas, blue for water, orange for telecommunications, white for proposed excavation boundary. Photograph marked services providing record of pre-work conditions. During ground preparation, maintain 500mm minimum clearance from marked services when using mechanical equipment including excavators, bobcats, or graders. Within 500mm zone, use only hand tools allowing tactile awareness and immediate stop if resistance encountered. Where excavation must cross service alignments, carefully expose services by hand, support cables or pipes to prevent damage from sagging, and clearly mark exposed services with bunting or barrier tape. If unexpected services are encountered during work, cease excavation immediately and contact the relevant service authority for advice - do not attempt to work around unknown services without authority approval.

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