Comprehensive SWMS for Tree Pruning Using Elevated Work Platforms and Rope Access Techniques

Tree Trimming EWP-Rope Work Safe Work Method Statement

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Tree trimming using elevated work platforms (EWP) and rope access techniques involves the selective removal of branches and foliage to maintain tree health, clear structures and utilities, improve aesthetics, or manage hazardous limbs in construction and landscaping environments. This specialised arborist work requires high-risk work licences, fall protection systems, chainsaw operation competency, and careful planning to prevent worker injuries, property damage, and environmental harm. This SWMS addresses the specific safety requirements for tree trimming operations in accordance with Australian WHS legislation, providing detailed hazard controls, equipment inspection procedures, and step-by-step work methods to ensure arborist safety and quality tree care outcomes.

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Overview

What this SWMS covers

Tree trimming using elevated work platforms and rope access techniques is a specialised arboricultural activity that enables safe access to tree canopies for selective branch removal, crown reduction, deadwood elimination, and clearance pruning around buildings, power lines, and infrastructure. This work is commonly required on construction sites during landscape establishment, building maintenance projects, property development where existing trees are retained, and urban forestry management programmes where tree preservation is mandated by local councils. Elevated work platforms (EWPs) including boom lifts and scissor lifts provide stable working positions for tree trimming when ground conditions allow machine access and tree structure permits platform proximity. EWP-based trimming enables workers to reach canopy heights up to 35 metres depending on machine specifications, whilst maintaining continuous fall protection through harness attachment to platform anchor points. This method suits trees with open canopy structure, adequate clearance from structures, and firm ground capable of supporting EWP outrigger loads. Rope access techniques provide an alternative approach when EWP access is restricted by terrain, ground conditions, proximity to buildings, or when working within dense canopy requiring movement between multiple anchor points. Qualified arborists use specialised rope systems including static climbing lines, friction hitches, and positioning lanyards to ascend into canopies, establish secure work positions, and perform pruning operations. Rope access requires advanced training in tree climbing techniques, rope system configuration, and aerial rescue procedures to manage the elevated fall risks and isolation hazards inherent to this work method. Tree trimming operations involve chainsaw use for branch removal, hand saw operation for smaller cuts, pole saw use for extending reach, and rigging systems to control branch descent preventing damage to structures, landscaping, or ground workers. Work planning must assess tree species, structural integrity, branch weight and size, proximity to power lines or structures, weather conditions, and ground hazards. Arborists must identify dead or damaged limbs requiring careful cutting to prevent uncontrolled failure, assess branch attachments for weakness, and plan cutting sequences to maintain tree balance throughout the trimming operation. Construction site tree trimming presents additional complexity due to active work areas, incomplete services, unstable ground from excavation activities, and coordination requirements with other trades. Trees may require clearance pruning to facilitate crane access, building construction, or service installation whilst complying with tree protection zone requirements and council tree preservation orders. Arborists must obtain necessary permits, coordinate with principal contractors, implement exclusion zones, and protect retained trees from construction damage through appropriate root zone barriers and crown protection measures.

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Why this SWMS matters

Tree trimming using EWPs and rope access techniques is classified as high-risk construction work under Australian WHS regulations due to significant fall hazards, chainsaw injury risks, and struck-by hazards from falling limbs. Falls from height remain a leading cause of fatalities in arboriculture work, with workers suffering fatal injuries from fall protection system failures, rope system errors, branch breakage, or EWP tip-overs. Safe Work Australia data indicates tree work accounts for disproportionate serious injury rates compared to other construction activities, highlighting the critical importance of rigorous safety management and comprehensive SWMS documentation. Elevated work platform operation for tree trimming introduces specific risks including platform entrapment within canopy, contact with overhead power lines, and EWP instability on sloped or soft ground. Workers in EWP baskets face entanglement hazards when tree branches snap back after cutting, struck-by injuries from falling limbs, and crushing injuries if platform positioning fails to maintain safe clearances. EWP tip-over incidents, whilst relatively rare, cause catastrophic outcomes including multiple fatalities when machines exceed safe operating angles or outriggers sink into unstable ground. Australian WHS regulations require EWP operators to hold current high-risk work licences (WP class) and implement rigorous pre-start inspections and exclusion zone management. Rope access tree climbing presents heightened fall risks due to reliance on anchor point integrity, rope system configuration, and climber competency. Anchor point failure from dead wood, decay, or branch overloading can precipitate fatal falls. Rope system errors including incorrect friction hitch configuration, inadequate backup systems, or rope damage from chainsaw contact create failure mechanisms. Climber fatigue, inadequate training, or loss of situational awareness whilst working in isolation at height compounds these risks. Australian regulations require rope access workers to demonstrate competency through recognised training, implement dual attachment fall protection, and establish rescue procedures for incapacitated climbers. Chainsaw operation at height significantly increases injury severity compared to ground-level cutting. Kickback events that might cause hand lacerations on the ground can result in loss of control, falls, or severe facial injuries when operating in canopy. Chainsaw contact with climbing ropes causes catastrophic rope failure and falls. Operating chainsaws in awkward positions whilst maintaining secure anchorage and balance requires exceptional skill and concentration. Australian chainsaw safety standards mandate anti-kickback bars, chain brakes, and operator training, but working at height demands additional controls including short bar lengths to reduce kickback severity, positioning to maintain saw control, and exclusion zones preventing multiple workers in fall zones. Struck-by hazards from falling branches represent serious risks to ground workers, property, and the public. Large branches weighing hundreds of kilograms can cause fatal crush injuries if they strike workers below. Rigging system failures from overloaded ropes, inadequate anchor points, or poor knot tying cause uncontrolled branch descent. Misjudgement of branch weight, poor communication between climber and ground crew, or failure to maintain exclusion zones results in struck-by incidents. The SWMS must address these hazards through detailed rigging procedures, exclusion zone demarcation, spotter responsibilities, and emergency procedures for trapped or injured workers.

Reinforce licensing, insurance, and regulator expectations for Tree Trimming EWP-Rope Work Safe Work Method Statement crews before they mobilise.

Hazard identification

Surface the critical risks tied to this work scope and communicate them to every worker.

Risk register

Falls from Elevated Work Platforms or Rope Systems

High

Tree trimming work occurs at heights from 3 metres to over 30 metres depending on tree size and work requirements. Falls can result from EWP tip-overs on unstable ground, workers exiting platforms to reach branches, rope anchor point failures, climbing rope damage from chainsaw contact, friction hitch slippage, or fall arrest system disconnection. Working within dense canopy creates entanglement and snag hazards affecting fall protection functionality. Climber fatigue during extended aerial work reduces grip strength and situational awareness. Emergency descent or rescue from height presents additional fall risks if climber becomes incapacitated or equipment fails.

Consequence: Fatal injuries from falls exceeding 5 metres, spinal injuries causing permanent paralysis, traumatic brain injuries, multiple fractures, internal organ damage, and suspension trauma if fall arrest systems catch worker but rescue is delayed.

Chainsaw Contact Injuries and Kickback

High

Chainsaw operation at height for branch removal creates severe laceration risks to hands, arms, legs, and face. Kickback occurs when saw tip contacts wood causing rapid upward rotation that can strike operator's face or cause loss of control leading to falls. Operating chainsaws in awkward positions whilst maintaining balance and anchorage increases kickback likelihood. Chainsaw contact with climbing ropes causes immediate rope severance and fall. Cutting under tension from bent or loaded branches can cause violent kickback or rapid branch movement striking the operator. Fatigue from prolonged aerial work reduces reaction times and saw control.

Consequence: Deep lacerations requiring surgical repair, severed arteries causing rapid blood loss, amputation of fingers or hands, facial disfigurement, eye loss, rope severance causing falls from height, and potential fatality from uncontrolled bleeding or falls.

Struck by Falling Branches

High

Branches being trimmed can weigh from several kilograms to several hundred kilograms. Falling branches can strike the climber, ground workers, or bystanders causing crush injuries. Rigging system failures from rope overload, inadequate anchor points, knot slippage, or poor rigging configuration cause uncontrolled branch descent. Dead or damaged branches may fail unexpectedly before cutting. Branches under tension from lean or wind loading can swing violently when cut. Poor communication between climber and ground crew or inadequate exclusion zones allow workers into drop zones.

Consequence: Fatal crush injuries from large branch impacts, skull fractures, spinal injuries, rib fractures causing lung puncture, crush injuries to limbs requiring amputation, and severe soft tissue trauma requiring extended hospitalisation.

Contact with Overhead Power Lines

High

Tree trimming often occurs near overhead electrical conductors requiring vegetation clearance. EWP booms, climbing ropes, branches being cut, or pole saws can contact energised lines causing electrocution. High voltage lines (11kV to 66kV) common in urban areas can arc up to several metres without direct contact. Wet conditions from rain or morning dew increase electrical conductivity. Trees touching power lines may be energised creating shock risks when climber contacts bark. Wind can move power lines into proximity with workers or equipment during trimming operations.

Consequence: Electrocution causing cardiac arrest and death, severe electrical burns requiring amputation, arc flash burns affecting vision and respiratory system, falls caused by electrical shock whilst working at height, and long-term neurological damage from electrical injury.

EWP Tip-Over on Unstable Ground

High

Elevated work platforms operating on construction sites encounter unstable ground from recent excavation, underground voids, or inadequate compaction. Outrigger penetration into soft ground or positioning on underground services can cause platform instability. Operating beyond rated load capacity when extending boom to maximum reach with worker and equipment weight exceeds design limits. Slopes exceeding manufacturer specifications or uneven ground preventing level platform setup create tip-over risks. Wind loading on extended booms in exposed locations increases overturning forces.

Consequence: Fatal crush injuries from platform rollover, traumatic injuries to operator and ground workers, equipment damage, and potential secondary injuries if platform contacts power lines or structures during tip-over event.

Entanglement in Tree Canopy or Rigging Systems

Medium

Dense canopy work creates entanglement hazards where branches snag clothing, fall protection lanyards, or climbing ropes preventing escape or causing suspension in hazardous positions. Rigging ropes can entangle climbers during branch lowering operations. Spring poles (bent branches under tension) can catch and trap workers when released. EWP basket operators can become entrapped between platform edge and tree trunk or large branches during repositioning. Helmet chin straps or loose clothing can snag on branches during rapid descent or emergency situations.

Consequence: Suspension in hazardous positions requiring rescue, strangulation from chin strap entanglement, inability to escape falling branches or changing conditions, exhaustion from prolonged suspension leading to falls, and delayed rescue increasing injury severity.

Manual Handling of Heavy Branches and Equipment

Medium

Tree trimming requires manual handling of chainsaws weighing 5-8kg at extended reach and awkward angles for prolonged periods. Branch sections must be manhandled during rigging operations. Climbing equipment including ropes, harnesses, and rigging gear adds substantial weight to climber's load. Ground workers manually handle, drag, and process cut branches. Working from EWP baskets requires reaching beyond platform edge to position chainsaws creating shoulder and back loading. Sustained overhead work during canopy thinning causes shoulder fatigue and postural strain.

Consequence: Shoulder impingement and rotator cuff injuries from sustained overhead chainsaw operation, lower back strain from awkward lifting, repetitive strain injuries to hands and wrists, chronic musculoskeletal disorders, and acute muscle tears requiring extended recovery periods.

Environmental Exposure and Isolated Work

Medium

Tree trimming occurs predominantly outdoors exposing workers to environmental heat stress, ultraviolet radiation, cold stress in winter months, and severe weather. Climbers working in canopies experience greater wind exposure and reduced communication with ground crew. Working alone in elevated positions creates isolation hazards where medical emergencies, injuries, or equipment failures cannot be immediately addressed. Heat stress risks increase when wearing fall protection harnesses and PPE in summer conditions. Insect encounters including wasps, bees, or ants in canopy can trigger allergic reactions or cause falls through startle responses.

Consequence: Heat stroke requiring emergency medical intervention, dehydration affecting cognitive function and increasing error likelihood, hypothermia in cold conditions, skin cancer from chronic UV exposure, allergic reactions including anaphylaxis, and delayed rescue for isolated workers increasing injury severity.

Control measures

Deploy layered controls aligned to the hierarchy of hazard management.

Implementation guide

Comprehensive Tree Assessment and Work Planning

Elimination

Conduct thorough tree assessment before commencing trimming work to identify structural defects, dead wood, decay, insect damage, and hazardous conditions. Where assessment identifies high-risk trees or limbs, eliminate hazards through alternative methods such as complete tree removal by crane rather than climbing, or deferring work until conditions improve. Identify trees unsuitable for climbing due to structural defects and designate for EWP-only access or specialist removal. This eliminates exposure to elevated risks from climbing compromised trees.

Implementation

1. Engage qualified arborist (minimum AQF Level 3 Arboriculture) to conduct tree inspection using visual tree assessment methodology 2. Identify and document structural defects including cracks, splits, decay, cavities, root damage, and previous storm damage 3. Probe suspect wood with increment borer or resistograph to assess internal decay extent 4. Where structural integrity is compromised, eliminate climbing access and specify EWP or crane removal methods only 5. Identify presence of overhead power lines and obtain electrical authority clearances before work within 3 metres 6. Determine if tree protection orders or council permits are required and obtain before work commencement 7. For construction site trees, review tree protection zone requirements and coordinate with principal contractor on exclusion zones 8. Document all findings in written tree assessment report forming part of work planning records

EWP Stability Assessment and Ground Preparation

Engineering Control

Eliminate EWP tip-over risks through comprehensive ground assessment, preparation, and monitoring. Use engineered ground protection mats to distribute outrigger loads on soft ground. Conduct slope measurements to verify ground angles are within EWP manufacturer specifications (typically maximum 5 degrees). Implement exclusion zones preventing workers beneath or adjacent to EWP during operation. Utilise tilt sensors and load moment indicators where available on machine to provide continuous stability monitoring.

Implementation

1. Inspect ground conditions before EWP setup identifying soft ground, underground services, slopes, or voids 2. Obtain Dial Before You Dig service location information and mark underground services before outrigger placement 3. Deploy engineered ground protection mats under all outriggers when operating on grass, gravel, or uncompacted surfaces 4. Use digital inclinometer or spirit level to measure ground slope in multiple directions; refuse work if slope exceeds manufacturer specifications 5. Extend outriggers to manufacturer-specified spread and verify level setup before elevating boom 6. Maintain exclusion zone radius of 1.5 times maximum boom height preventing workers or vehicles entering tip-over zone 7. Monitor weather conditions and cease EWP operation when wind speeds exceed 12.5 m/s (45 km/h) or during electrical storms 8. Implement spotter to monitor EWP stability throughout operation and immediately report any ground subsidence or platform movement

Dual Fall Protection System for Rope Access Work

Engineering Control

Implement dual rope systems for all rope access tree climbing providing continuous fall protection through independent primary and backup attachment points. Use static kernmantle ropes rated to minimum 22kN with appropriate termination knots. Employ mechanical ascenders and descenders meeting PPE standards. Ensure anchor points are assessed for adequacy using 15:1 safety factor for life support systems. This engineering control provides redundancy preventing falls from single-point failures.

Implementation

1. Configure climbing system with separate ascent line and safety lanyard providing dual attachment at all times 2. Select anchor points in live wood minimum 200mm diameter; avoid dead branches, splits, or decay 3. Use rope protectors at all contact points with bark to prevent abrasion damage 4. Inspect all rope and hardware before each use checking for cuts, abrasion, broken strands, or hardware damage 5. Verify correct friction hitch configuration (e.g., Blake's hitch, Prusik, or Distel hitch) with appropriate number of wraps for rope diameter 6. Maintain minimum two points of attachment when moving through canopy; never detach safety lanyard until ascent line is secured 7. Use snap-hook carabiners with double-action locking gates rated minimum 22kN major axis 8. Retire any rope or equipment showing damage, contamination, or after arresting a fall per manufacturer specifications

Chainsaw Safety Features and Operating Procedures

Substitution

Substitute standard chainsaws with models incorporating enhanced safety features including chain brakes, reduced kickback bars, low-kickback chain, anti-vibration systems, and accessible stop switches. For aerial work, use short-bar chainsaws (maximum 35cm/14 inch) reducing weight and kickback severity. Implement clear-cutting zones where chainsaw remains away from ropes, fall protection lanyards, and body parts. Mandate two-handed operation with secure footing before cutting.

Implementation

1. Provide professional-grade chainsaws with activated chain brake, chain catcher, and rear hand guard 2. Fit reduced-kickback guide bars and low-kickback saw chain meeting ANSI B175.1 safety standards 3. Use short-bar chainsaws (maximum 350mm/14 inch) for all aerial work reducing weight and kickback severity 4. Inspect chain sharpness daily; replace or sharpen chains showing damage or reduced cutting efficiency 5. Verify chain brake engages when forward hand guard is pushed forward before each use 6. Maintain chainsaw within 45-degree arc in front of body during cutting; never operate saw above shoulder height 7. Position body and ropes outside saw arc before starting cut; verify no entanglement risk 8. Shut down saw and engage chain brake before moving to new cutting position or repositioning in canopy 9. Use dedicated saw scabbard for climbing ascent and descent preventing contact injuries 10. Implement two-hand operation - never operate saw one-handed regardless of situation

Rigging System Design and Load Management

Engineering Control

Implement engineered rigging systems to control branch descent preventing struck-by injuries and property damage. Use rigging rope rated to minimum 5,400kg breaking strength with working load limits appropriate to branch weight. Employ mechanical advantage systems (block and tackle) for branches exceeding 100kg. Select anchor points capable of withstanding 3:1 safety factor for anticipated loads. Calculate branch weight using species-specific density and volume measurements.

Implementation

1. Estimate branch weight using formula: Weight (kg) = Volume (m³) × Wood Density (kg/m³); for eucalyptus use 900kg/m³, for pine 550kg/m³ 2. Select rigging rope with working load limit minimum 5 times estimated branch weight 3. Identify anchor point in live wood minimum 250mm diameter located above cut to provide favourable load angle 4. Rig branches using running bowline or similar knot allowing controlled lowering; avoid shock loading 5. For branches exceeding 100kg, implement pulley systems providing mechanical advantage for ground crew 6. Assign dedicated ground crew member to manage lowering line; never rig branches without ground control 7. Establish exclusion zone radius of 2 times branch length preventing workers entering potential fall zone 8. Communicate cutting sequence using established signals; climber confirms ground crew ready before making cut 9. Lower branches in controlled manner avoiding impact shock to anchor points or rigging systems 10. Remove rigging systems between cuts and store safely preventing trip hazards in work area

Electrical Hazard Assessment and Clearance Procedures

Elimination

Identify overhead power lines before work commencement and maintain minimum approach distances: 3 metres for lines up to 33kV, 6 metres for 33kV to 132kV. Where clearances cannot be maintained, arrange electrical authority attendance to de-energise lines or install insulating covers. Eliminate electrocution risks through work planning that avoids contact zones or implements electrical isolation.

Implementation

1. Conduct site assessment identifying all overhead power lines before mobilising equipment 2. Contact electrical distribution authority to determine line voltage and clearance requirements 3. For work requiring approach within minimum clearances, request electrical authority attendance for de-energisation or covering 4. Establish exclusion zones using barrier tape or fencing at specified clearance distances from power lines 5. Brief all workers on power line locations and required clearances during pre-start meetings 6. Appoint spotter to monitor power line clearances continuously when EWP or long branches operate near conductors 7. For trees touching power lines, only proceed after electrical authority confirms isolation or implements protective covering 8. Implement emergency procedures for power line contact including remaining in EWP basket until electricity authority confirms safe to exit 9. Never use metal or water-based pole saws near power lines; use non-conductive fibreglass poles only 10. Cease work immediately if weather conditions increase electrical hazards including lightning, rain, or fog

Competency Verification and Medical Fitness Assessment

Administrative Control

Verify all workers hold appropriate licences and training for tree trimming activities. EWP operators must hold current WP (Elevated Work Platform) high-risk work licence. Rope access climbers must demonstrate competency through recognised training (minimum AQF Level 3 Arboriculture or equivalent). Chainsaw operators require appropriate chainsaw training certificates. All workers require current first aid certification and aerial rescue training. Conduct medical assessments ensuring workers are fit for work at heights.

Implementation

1. Verify EWP operators hold current WP high-risk work licence matching equipment class (boom-type) to be operated 2. Confirm rope access climbers hold AQF Level 3 Arboriculture qualification or recognised equivalent (IRATA, SPRAT) 3. Verify chainsaw training certificates are current and cover aerial chainsaw operation 4. Ensure all workers hold current first aid certificate (minimum Provide First Aid - HLTAID011) 5. Verify workers have completed aerial rescue training within previous 12 months including practical assessment 6. Conduct medical fitness assessments for workers performing height work including vision, hearing, balance, and cardiovascular fitness 7. Screen for medical conditions affecting height work fitness including epilepsy, vertigo, cardiac conditions, or medications causing drowsiness 8. Maintain training register documenting all qualifications, certifications, and medical assessments with renewal dates 9. Implement refresher training annually for aerial rescue procedures and emergency response 10. Prohibit solo working for rope access operations; minimum two qualified arborists required for aerial rescue capability

PPE for Tree Trimming Operations

Personal Protective Equipment

Provide comprehensive PPE appropriate to tree trimming hazards including fall protection harnesses, chainsaw-resistant protective clothing, head protection, eye protection, hearing protection, and hand protection. Fall arrest harnesses must meet AS/NZS 1891 with provision for dual attachment. Helmets must provide impact protection and include chin straps preventing dislodgement. All PPE must be inspected before use and retired after impact or damage.

Implementation

1. Issue full-body harnesses complying with AS/NZS 1891.1 with minimum two attachment points (dorsal and sternal D-rings) 2. Provide chainsaw-resistant trousers or chaps meeting minimum Type C (20 m/s chain speed) protection per AS/NZS 4453 3. Supply arborist helmets meeting AS/NZS 1801 with integrated face shield or safety glasses and chin strap 4. Issue Class 3 hearing protection (AS/NZS 1270) for chainsaw operation reducing exposure below 85dB(A) 5. Provide chainsaw gloves with cut protection, grip enhancement, and vibration dampening 6. Supply high-visibility clothing (Day/Night Class D) ensuring visibility to ground crew and equipment operators 7. Fit steel-capped safety boots (AS/NZS 2210.3) with ankle support and slip-resistant soles 8. Inspect all PPE before each use checking for cuts, abrasion, stitching failure, buckle damage, or deterioration 9. Retire any PPE after arresting a fall, impact event, or showing damage per manufacturer replacement criteria 10. Maintain PPE register documenting issue dates, inspection schedules, and retirement dates for fall protection equipment

Download complete control procedures

Personal protective equipment

Requirement: AS/NZS 1891.1 with minimum two attachment points

When: Throughout all elevated work platform and rope access tree trimming operations

Requirement: Type C minimum (20 m/s) per AS/NZS 4453

When: During all chainsaw operation including cutting, limb removal, and debris processing

Requirement: Type 1 impact protection per AS/NZS 1801

When: Throughout all tree trimming operations including ground work, EWP operation, and rope access climbing

Requirement: Medium impact rated per AS/NZS 1337

When: During chainsaw operation, when working beneath canopy, and during all cutting activities

Requirement: Class 3 minimum per AS/NZS 1270

When: During all chainsaw operation and when EWP or other equipment noise exceeds 85dB(A)

Requirement: Cut-resistant with grip enhancement per AS/NZS 2161.4

When: During all chainsaw operation and manual handling of cut branches

Requirement: Category 1 impact protection per AS/NZS 2210.3

When: Throughout all tree trimming operations to protect against dropped tools, branches, and equipment

Requirement: Day/Night Class D per AS/NZS 4602

When: During all work on construction sites or near traffic to ensure visibility to equipment operators and vehicles

Inspections & checks

Before work starts

  • ✓Conduct comprehensive tree assessment documenting structural defects, dead wood, decay, and hazardous conditions using visual tree assessment methodology
  • ✓Verify site assessment complete including underground service locations, overhead power lines, ground conditions, and environmental hazards
  • ✓Inspect EWP conducting daily pre-start checks of hydraulics, controls, emergency stop, platform fall arrest anchorage, and outrigger operation per manufacturer requirements
  • ✓Examine all rope access equipment including climbing ropes, harnesses, carabiners, ascenders, and descenders checking for cuts, abrasion, hardware damage, or signs of impact
  • ✓Inspect chainsaws verifying chain sharpness, correct tension, chain brake function, anti-vibration mounts, and fuel/oil levels per manufacturer specifications
  • ✓Check rigging equipment including lowering ropes, pulleys, slings, and hardware confirming ratings appropriate for planned work and absence of damage
  • ✓Verify all workers hold current high-risk work licences, arborist qualifications, chainsaw certificates, and medical fitness assessments for height work
  • ✓Review weather forecast confirming wind speeds below 12.5 m/s (45 km/h) and no thunderstorms predicted during work period
  • ✓Confirm electrical authority has attended to de-energise or cover power lines if work within minimum clearance distances
  • ✓Test communication systems including two-way radios, hand signals, and emergency procedures ensuring clear communication between climber and ground crew
  • ✓Verify first aid equipment and emergency rescue equipment including aerial rescue kits are on site, accessible, and serviceable
  • ✓Establish exclusion zones using barrier tape or fencing at appropriate distances from tree drop zones and EWP operational areas

During work

  • ✓Monitor EWP stability throughout operation watching for ground subsidence, outrigger movement, or platform tilting; cease work if any instability detected
  • ✓Continuously assess weather conditions monitoring wind speed increases, approaching storms, or changing light conditions requiring work suspension
  • ✓Verify climbers maintain dual attachment during rope access work and never disconnect safety systems during repositioning
  • ✓Monitor chainsaw operation ensuring proper cutting techniques, safe cutting zones maintained, and immediate shutdown and brake engagement between cuts
  • ✓Verify rigging systems remain correctly configured with adequate anchor points and ground crew maintaining control of lowering lines
  • ✓Maintain exclusion zones preventing unauthorised access to drop zones and ensuring ground crew remains clear of falling branch paths
  • ✓Check worker fatigue levels particularly for climbers conducting extended aerial work; implement rest breaks at minimum 2-hour intervals
  • ✓Monitor climber-ground crew communication effectiveness ensuring cutting signals clearly understood before branch removal
  • ✓Assess electrical clearances when working near power lines particularly if wind moves conductors closer to work area
  • ✓Verify PPE remains properly fitted and functional particularly fall arrest harness connections and chainsaw protective clothing integrity
  • ✓Watch for environmental hazards including insect nests, wildlife, or deteriorating tree conditions requiring work method changes
  • ✓Monitor ground crew workload ensuring adequate staffing for branch processing and debris management without rushing climber operations

After work

  • ✓Inspect fall protection equipment including harnesses and ropes for damage from use; retire any equipment showing impact, cuts, or abrasion
  • ✓Examine chainsaws for damage, clean air filters, refuel, and sharpen chains; document maintenance in equipment logbooks
  • ✓Check EWP for damage from branch contact or operation; conduct post-operation inspection per manufacturer requirements and document findings
  • ✓Review rigging equipment for rope abrasion, hardware damage, or overload indicators; retire damaged equipment and restock consumables
  • ✓Debrief work team discussing any near-miss incidents, communication difficulties, or procedural improvements identified during operations
  • ✓Document work completion including branches removed, locations, and any tree health concerns requiring future attention or specialist assessment
  • ✓Restore work area removing debris, barrier tape, ground protection mats, and equipment; return site to safe condition
  • ✓Report any incidents, injuries, property damage, or electrical contact events immediately to site supervision and complete incident reports
  • ✓Update equipment registers documenting equipment use hours, maintenance performed, and next scheduled service dates
  • ✓Review any tree protection zone impacts on construction sites and coordinate restoration or remediation with principal contractor

Step-by-step work procedure

Give supervisors and crews a clear, auditable sequence for the task.

Field ready
1

Site Assessment and Work Planning

Conduct comprehensive site assessment before mobilising equipment or workers. Engage qualified arborist to inspect target trees using visual tree assessment methodology identifying structural defects, decay, dead wood, and hazardous conditions. Obtain Dial Before You Dig underground service information and identify overhead power lines including voltage ratings and required clearances. Assess ground conditions for EWP stability including slope measurements, soft ground, and underground voids. Verify any tree protection orders or council permits are obtained. Develop written work plan documenting tree identification, work sequence, equipment requirements, personnel assignments, exclusion zones, and emergency procedures. Brief all workers on site-specific hazards and control measures during toolbox meeting. Confirm all workers hold required licences and qualifications for assigned tasks.

Safety considerations

Inadequate tree assessment may fail to identify structural defects leading to unexpected branch or tree failure. Missing underground services creates excavation and outrigger placement risks. Insufficient ground assessment may result in EWP tip-over. Ensure all workers understand site-specific hazards before commencing work.

2

Establish Exclusion Zones and Traffic Management

Define and mark exclusion zones around tree work areas preventing unauthorised access. For EWP operations, establish minimum exclusion radius of 1.5 times maximum boom height. For rope access work with branch lowering, create exclusion zone radius of 2 times maximum branch length. Use barrier tape, witches hats, or temporary fencing to physically demarcate exclusion zones. On construction sites, coordinate with principal contractor to notify other trades and prevent access during operations. For work affecting pedestrian or vehicle traffic, implement traffic management plan including signage, delineators, and traffic controllers where required. Assign spotter to monitor exclusion zones and immediately alert team if unauthorised access occurs. Brief ground crew on exclusion zone boundaries and requirements to remain in safe zones during cutting operations. Post warning signs indicating tree work in progress and elevated work hazards.

Safety considerations

Inadequate exclusion zones allow workers or public into drop zones creating struck-by hazards. On active construction sites, other trades or plant operators may unknowingly enter hazard areas. Ensure continuous monitoring of exclusion zone integrity throughout operations.

3

EWP Setup and Stability Verification

Position elevated work platform considering access routes, ground stability, power line clearances, and optimal working position for tree access. Conduct EWP pre-start inspection per manufacturer requirements checking hydraulics, controls, emergency stop functions, fuel/oil levels, and platform fall arrest anchorage points. Deploy ground protection mats under all outriggers when operating on grass, gravel, or uncompacted surfaces to distribute loads and prevent ground penetration. Verify ground service locations ensuring outriggers avoid underground cables, pipes, or structures. Use digital inclinometer to measure ground slope in multiple directions; confirm slope does not exceed manufacturer specifications (typically 5 degrees maximum). Extend outriggers to manufacturer-specified spread and verify level platform setup using bubble levels on EWP chassis. Conduct operational test of platform elevation, boom extension, and rotation at low height before commencing work. Verify fall arrest anchorage points in platform are accessible and serviceable. Document EWP setup completion in daily inspection log.

Safety considerations

Operating EWP on unstable ground or excessive slopes creates tip-over risks causing fatal injuries. Outrigger placement on underground services can damage infrastructure and create subsidence. Always verify level setup and conduct low-height operational test before extending boom to working height.

4

Establish Rope Access Systems for Climbing

For rope access work, configure dual rope system providing continuous fall protection. Install climbing line into canopy by throwing weighted line bag over suitable anchor point or using ladder to access lower branches for rope placement. Select anchor point in live wood minimum 200mm diameter inspected for structural integrity, absence of decay, and appropriate load angle. Attach climbing rope using running bowline or similar secure termination knot. Install rope protectors at bark contact points preventing abrasion damage. Configure primary ascent system using appropriate friction hitch (Blake's hitch, Prusik, or mechanical ascender) connected to fall arrest harness sternal or dorsal D-ring. Establish backup safety lanyard system providing dual attachment. Don full-body harness ensuring correct fit with snug leg loops and chest strap. Verify all connections using double-action locking carabiners rated minimum 22kN. Conduct harness and rope system inspection before ascent. Secure chainsaw in scabbard for climbing ascent. Communicate climbing intentions to ground crew and verify continuous visual or radio contact maintained throughout operation.

Safety considerations

Single-point attachment creates fatal fall risk if anchor fails or rope is damaged. Always maintain dual attachment using independent primary and backup systems. Inspect all anchor points for decay or damage before loading. Communicate continuously with ground crew maintaining awareness of climber position and status.

5

Ascend to Working Position and Assess Canopy

Ascend to working position using appropriate climbing technique maintaining three points of contact and dual attachment throughout ascent. Position friction hitch above work position allowing seated stance in harness for stable cutting platform. Conduct canopy assessment from elevated position identifying target branches for removal, cutting sequence to maintain tree balance, rigging anchor points for large branch lowering, and any hazards including dead wood, insect nests, or structural defects not visible from ground. Verify chainsaw can be operated safely from intended work position without overreaching, working above shoulder height, or compromising anchorage security. Check all fall protection attachment points and rope routing ensuring no entanglement hazards or abrasion points. Establish communication protocol with ground crew using hand signals or radio for cutting sequence coordination. Secure positioning lanyard to appropriate anchor point providing stable work position with both hands free for chainsaw operation. Verify exclusion zone remains clear of workers before commencing cutting operations. Remove chainsaw from scabbard only when positioned securely with stable stance and clear cutting zone.

Safety considerations

Rushing ascent increases fall risk from errors in rope system management or foot slips. Inadequate canopy assessment may fail to identify hazards requiring work method changes. Never operate chainsaw until positioned securely with stable stance and verified clear exclusion zone below.

6

Rigging Setup for Controlled Branch Lowering

For branches exceeding 50mm diameter or 3 metres length, establish rigging system to control descent preventing struck-by injuries and property damage. Select rigging anchor point in live wood minimum 250mm diameter located above cut point to provide favourable load angle. Install rigging rope using running bowline around branch to be removed positioning attachment point at balance point approximately one-third distance from cut. Route lowering line through suitable anchor point or pulley system to ground crew member designated to control descent. Calculate approximate branch weight using formula: Weight (kg) = Volume (m³) × Wood Density (kg/m³). Verify rigging rope working load limit exceeds 5 times estimated branch weight. Brief ground crew on lowering procedure including communication signals, hand-over-hand lowering technique, and anchoring position. Ensure ground crew maintains position outside potential fall zone and in visible sight line of climber. Verify exclusion zone extends minimum 2 times branch length from tree trunk preventing access during lowering. Communicate cutting sequence clearly - climber confirms ground crew ready, ground crew acknowledges, climber makes cut signal, ground crew confirms lowering line ready, climber executes cut.

Safety considerations

Inadequate rigging or anchor point selection can cause uncontrolled branch descent and struck-by injuries. Always calculate expected loads and verify rigging capacity adequate. Poor communication between climber and ground crew causes premature cutting or uncontrolled lowering. Maintain clear sight lines and defined communication protocol throughout rigging operations.

7

Chainsaw Operation and Branch Removal

Conduct final safety check before chainsaw operation verifying secure anchorage, stable work position, clear cutting zone free of ropes and body parts, and confirmed ground crew ready for branch removal. Start chainsaw following manufacturer procedures; allow engine to warm and check chain oil delivery. Engage chain brake and secure saw with one hand before repositioning. Position body and all ropes outside saw arc (minimum 45 degrees to either side of cutting plane). Execute cuts using proper technique: undercut first for branches that will drop, top cut second to meet undercut and control hinge. For rigged branches, make cut at designated location while ground crew maintains tension on lowering line. Monitor chainsaw operation for any vibration, unusual sounds, or reduced cutting efficiency indicating chain dullness or damage. Shut down saw and engage chain brake between cuts when moving to new position or reassessing situation. Never operate chainsaw above shoulder height or in unstable positions requiring one-hand operation. Store chainsaw in scabbard during all repositioning movements through canopy. Clear smaller debris by hand or hand saw maintaining safer working conditions. Continue cutting sequence working from outer canopy inward maintaining tree balance and preventing unexpected loading.

Safety considerations

Chainsaw kickback at height can cause loss of control, falls, or severe facial injuries. Always maintain saw within safe operating arc and use two-hand grip. Contact between chainsaw and ropes causes immediate rope failure and falls. Shut down and brake saw between cuts preventing accidental activation during repositioning.

8

Monitor Worker Condition and Environmental Changes

Implement continuous monitoring of climber physical condition and environmental factors affecting safety. Ground crew supervisor monitors climber for signs of fatigue including reduced work pace, awkward movements, or communication difficulties. Climbers self-monitor for exhaustion, dehydration, or heat stress symptoms including dizziness, reduced concentration, or muscle fatigue. Implement mandatory rest breaks minimum every 2 hours of aerial work allowing climber descent or repositioning to comfortable stance for hydration and recovery. Monitor weather conditions throughout work period including wind speed changes, approaching storms, temperature extremes, or deteriorating visibility. Suspend work immediately when wind speeds exceed 12.5 m/s (45 km/h), during electrical storms, or if heavy rain affects visibility or increases fall protection system slippage risks. Watch for changing tree conditions including branch movements under wind loading or unexpected cracking sounds indicating structural failure. Monitor power line clearances if wind moves conductors closer to work areas. Assess insect activity particularly wasp or bee nests requiring temporary work suspension and nest treatment before proceeding.

Safety considerations

Climber fatigue significantly increases error likelihood and fall risks. Implement strict rest break discipline preventing exhaustion-related incidents. Weather changes can rapidly increase hazards requiring immediate work suspension. Never continue work when conditions deteriorate beyond safe parameters regardless of work completion pressure.

9

Controlled Descent and Post-Work Equipment Inspection

Upon completion of cutting operations or when requiring descent, secure chainsaw in scabbard and verify all tools secured to harness or lowered to ground crew. Communicate descent intentions to ground crew. Transition to descent mode using appropriate rope configuration allowing controlled lowering while maintaining dual attachment throughout descent. Descend in controlled manner watching for branch stubs, rope abrasion points, or entanglement hazards. Maintain visual contact with ground crew during descent. Upon reaching ground, conduct immediate equipment inspection particularly fall arrest harness and climbing ropes checking for cuts, abrasion, or damage requiring equipment retirement. Inspect chainsaw for damage and conduct post-operation maintenance including chain cleaning, sharpening assessment, and refuelling. Document any equipment damage or serviceability concerns in equipment logbooks. Report any near-miss incidents, communication difficulties, or safety concerns to crew supervisor for debrief discussion. If continuing to next tree, repeat inspection and setup procedures; never shortcut safety procedures due to familiarity or time pressure.

Safety considerations

Rushing descent increases fall risk from rope system errors or foot slips. Equipment damage sustained during work may not be immediately apparent but can cause failure during future use. Always inspect fall protection equipment after use and retire any items showing damage, abrasion, or impact history per manufacturer criteria.

10

Site Cleanup and Work Documentation

Remove all cut branches and debris from work area processing through wood chipper or loading for disposal per site requirements. Inspect work area for dropped tools, equipment, or hazards requiring remediation. Remove exclusion zone barrier tape and warning signage. On construction sites with tree protection zones, assess any impacts to protected root zones or canopy and document for project records. Conduct crew debrief discussing work sequence effectiveness, any difficulties encountered, near-miss incidents, or procedural improvements. Document work completion including trees trimmed, branches removed, time on site, and any follow-up requirements. Update equipment maintenance logs documenting hours used and next scheduled service dates. Complete site inspection report noting any residual hazards, tree health concerns, or recommendations for future work. For electrical authority attended work, obtain clearance confirmation that power lines can be re-energised. Ensure all workers exit site safely with equipment secured for transport. Report any incidents, injuries, or property damage immediately to site management and complete required incident documentation.

Safety considerations

Incomplete cleanup can leave tripping hazards or overhead hazards from partially removed branches. Document all work performed providing evidence of SWMS compliance and due diligence in safety management. Debrief sessions identify learnings improving safety on future operations.

Get risk assessment & procedures

Frequently asked questions

What high-risk work licences are required for tree trimming using elevated work platforms?

EWP operators conducting tree trimming work must hold current WP (Elevated Work Platform) high-risk work licence issued by state or territory WorkSafe authority. The specific licence class required depends on the EWP type being operated. Boom-type EWPs (most common for tree work) require WP Class issued after successful completion of nationally recognised training unit RIIHAN301F Operate elevating work platform. Licence holders must carry the physical licence card on site and be prepared to present for inspection. Licences require renewal every 5 years through the relevant issuing authority. For rope access tree climbing, while specific high-risk work licences are not mandated, workers must demonstrate competency through recognised training such as AQF Level 3 in Arboriculture (AHC30819) or equivalent qualifications addressing tree climbing techniques, rope systems, and aerial rescue. Additionally, workers must hold chainsaw operation certificates appropriate to aerial cutting work. All workers require general construction induction (White Card) when operating on construction sites. Employers must verify currency of all licences and maintain records demonstrating competency verification before assigning workers to tree trimming tasks.

What are the minimum clearance distances required when tree trimming near overhead power lines?

Australian electrical safety regulations specify minimum approach distances for work near overhead power lines based on voltage levels. For lines up to 33kV (most urban areas), maintain minimum 3 metre clearance between any part of the worker, equipment, EWP boom, or cut branches and electrical conductors. For lines 33kV to 132kV, increase clearance to 6 metres. For lines exceeding 132kV, clearances of 8 metres or more apply depending on specific voltage. These distances assume normal conditions; increase clearances during adverse weather, high winds, or when using water-based equipment. If minimum clearances cannot be maintained, work must not proceed until the electrical distribution authority attends to either de-energise the power lines or install insulating covers (sleeves) over conductors. De-energisation or covering must be arranged minimum 3 business days in advance through the relevant electricity authority. Never assume power lines are de-energised without documented confirmation. Implement exclusion zones preventing any approach within minimum clearance distances. Assign dedicated spotter to continuously monitor clearances when working near power lines particularly when EWP boom is repositioning or when lowering long branches. Trees touching power lines must never be climbed or cut until electrical authority confirms isolation or covering is complete. Emergency contact numbers for electrical authorities must be displayed on site and all workers briefed on emergency procedures for inadvertent power line contact including remaining in EWP basket until safe to exit.

What rope specifications and configurations are required for rope access tree climbing?

Rope access tree climbing requires static kernmantle climbing ropes meeting minimum 22kN breaking strength rating. Preferred rope diameter is 11-13mm providing optimal balance between strength, weight, and friction hitch performance. Ropes must be manufactured specifically for life safety applications with clear manufacturer specifications and certification. Climbing systems must implement dual attachment providing independent primary and backup fall protection throughout canopy access. The primary system typically consists of the main climbing line with friction hitch (Blake's hitch, Prusik, Valdotain Tresse, or mechanical ascender) connected to harness sternal or dorsal D-ring. The backup system consists of an adjustable positioning lanyard or secondary climbing line providing continuous fall protection when repositioning the primary system. All rope terminations must use appropriate knots including running bowline, anchor hitch, or figure-eight follow-through verified before loading. Hardware including carabiners, pulleys, and ascenders must be rated minimum 22kN major axis with triple-action or screw-gate locking mechanisms preventing accidental gate opening. Anchor points must be assessed for adequacy using 15:1 safety factor for life support applications; select live wood minimum 200mm diameter without decay, splits, or visible defects. Rope protectors (hose or commercial protectors) must be installed at all bark contact points preventing abrasion damage. Inspect all rope and hardware before each use checking for cuts, abrasion, broken strands, hardware cracks, or gate function. Retire any rope or equipment after arresting a fall, showing damage exceeding manufacturer criteria, or reaching age/usage limits specified by manufacturer (typically 5-10 years depending on use intensity).

What emergency rescue procedures are required for incapacitated climbers in tree canopies?

Aerial rescue capability is mandatory for all rope access tree climbing operations. Minimum two workers must be present with at least one qualified in aerial rescue techniques capable of ascending to reach and lower an incapacitated climber. Aerial rescue training must be refreshed annually through practical assessment demonstrating ability to ascend climbing systems, reach victim, assess condition, attach rescue equipment, and execute controlled lowering. Emergency rescue kit must be maintained on site including backup climbing rope, rescue pulley system, spare harness, trauma straps for suspension relief, first aid equipment, and communication devices. Ground crew must immediately call emergency services (000) when climber becomes incapacitated whilst simultaneously initiating rescue procedures. Never attempt rescue without proper training and equipment as this creates additional casualties. For EWP operations, platform emergency lowering procedures must be established using manual override systems when electrical or hydraulic failure prevents normal descent. Ground-level emergency lowering controls must be clearly marked and all workers briefed on location and operation. If climber is suspended in harness following fall arrest or loss of consciousness, suspension trauma becomes critical concern as blood pooling in legs can cause death within 20 minutes. Trauma straps must be deployed immediately creating foothold relieving pressure on leg loops. Rescue must be completed as quickly as safely possible whilst preventing secondary falls. Medical assessment is mandatory for any worker who has experienced fall arrest even if no apparent injury occurred as internal injuries or suspension trauma effects may be delayed. Document all rescue procedures undertaken and conduct incident investigation to identify causal factors and preventive measures.

What procedures should be followed if chainsaw contacts climbing rope during tree trimming operations?

Any contact between chainsaw and climbing rope constitutes a critical incident requiring immediate work cessation and comprehensive response. If contact occurs, immediately shut down chainsaw and secure in scabbard. Carefully inspect rope at contact point and for 2 metres either side checking for any cuts, abrasion, heat damage, or broken strands. Any visible damage regardless of severity requires immediate rope retirement as structural integrity is compromised even if outer sheath appears intact. If contact occurred while climber is elevated, do not load or rely on damaged rope for descent. Establish rescue procedures using backup climbing system or arrange EWP access to reach climber for safe descent using alternative rope system. Damaged rope must be cut to prevent inadvertent future use and documented in incident register. Investigation must identify how contact occurred including: Was saw positioned correctly outside rope arc? Was rope routing checked before cutting? Did rope move into cutting zone unexpectedly? Were communication procedures followed? Were fatigue or distraction factors present? Implement corrective actions addressing identified causal factors which may include additional training on safe cutting zones, procedure modifications for rope routing verification, or fatigue management improvements. Even if contact does not visibly damage rope, document near-miss incident as these events indicate systemic failures that could result in serious injury if repeated. All chainsaw operators must understand that rope contact is absolutely prohibited and requires immediate reporting without exception. Re-brief entire crew on rope protection requirements emphasising critical importance of maintaining saw outside rope arc, continuous awareness of rope locations, and verification of clear cutting zone before every cut. Never resume work until comprehensive investigation is complete, damaged equipment replaced, and preventive measures implemented preventing recurrence.

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