Comprehensive safety procedures for construction site establishment including temporary facilities, services, fencing, signage, and site access preparation.

Site Establishment Safe Work Method Statement

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Site establishment encompasses all activities required to prepare a construction site for productive work including installation of temporary fencing, signage, site access roads, temporary facilities (offices, amenities, storage), temporary services (power, water, communications), and safety infrastructure. This Safe Work Method Statement provides comprehensive safety procedures for establishing construction sites of all sizes, from small residential developments to major infrastructure projects. Site establishment presents diverse hazards including traffic management during setup in operational areas, electrical hazards from temporary power installation, fall risks when installing barriers and signage, and the complexity of coordinating multiple trades and activities simultaneously. This SWMS addresses these risks with practical control measures complying with Australian Work Health and Safety regulations, ensuring safe site establishment that provides appropriate infrastructure for subsequent construction works.

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Overview

What this SWMS covers

Site establishment is the foundational phase of any construction project, creating the temporary infrastructure necessary for safe and efficient construction operations. This encompasses a diverse range of activities occurring simultaneously or in rapid sequence including perimeter security fencing, traffic management, temporary services installation, site access construction, placement of temporary facilities, installation of safety and environmental controls, and commissioning of all systems before productive construction commences. The complexity and scope of site establishment varies dramatically based on project size, location, duration, and regulatory requirements. Small residential projects may require only basic temporary fencing, a skip bin, and temporary power connection, completed within one or two days by a small crew. Medium-scale commercial developments typically require more extensive establishment including hoarding installation, multiple temporary facilities, substantial traffic management, and comprehensive environmental controls, often taking one to two weeks with larger crews and specialised subcontractors. Major infrastructure projects may involve months-long establishment phases with extensive temporary works including site access roads, large laydown areas, comprehensive utilities installations, multiple office and amenity complexes, and sophisticated safety and environmental management systems. Site establishment activities typically involve coordination of multiple trades and specialists including fencers, electricians, plumbers, traffic management companies, temporary building suppliers, signage installers, and civil works contractors. This creates unique challenges in managing concurrent activities, interface risks between different work groups, and ensuring comprehensive safety management across all establishment activities. The temporary nature of installations, combined with the need for rapid deployment, can create pressure to compromise on quality or safety unless rigorous planning and supervision are maintained. This SWMS applies to all site establishment activities regardless of project size or complexity. It covers work in greenfield sites, brownfield redevelopments, urban locations with interface to public areas, remote sites requiring extensive infrastructure, and refurbishment projects within operating facilities. The scope includes all temporary works from initial site access to final commissioning and handover to construction operations.

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Why this SWMS matters

Site establishment creates the foundation for safe construction operations, making it critical that establishment activities themselves are conducted safely and to appropriate standards. The Work Health and Safety Act 2011 requires persons conducting a business or undertaking (PCBUs) to provide safe systems of work, and site establishment directly implements many physical controls that will protect workers throughout project duration. Inadequate or poorly executed site establishment creates ongoing risks affecting all subsequent site activities, while proper establishment provides safe access, adequate facilities, reliable services, and effective environmental controls. Site establishment presents significant traffic management challenges, particularly in urban areas where construction sites interface with active roadways, pedestrian areas, and neighbouring properties. Statistics from Safe Work Australia indicate that vehicle-related incidents account for approximately 15% of construction fatalities, with many occurring during establishment and demobilisation phases when traffic patterns are changing and site access is being configured. Inadequate traffic controls during establishment expose workers to vehicle strike risks, create hazards for the public, and can result in serious incidents with lasting consequences for workers, families, and businesses. Electrical hazards during temporary power installation represent another serious risk. Unlicensed electrical work, improper installations, inadequate earth fault protection, and damaged temporary cables create electrocution risks that cause fatalities and serious injuries annually across Australian construction sites. The temporary nature of electrical installations, combined with exposure to weather, mechanical damage, and frequent modification, means electrical systems require particular attention during establishment and ongoing maintenance. Electrical incidents can result in severe burns, cardiac arrest, falls from height due to electric shock, and fatalities. Fall hazards arise during installation of hoarding, fencing, signage, and lighting where workers may use ladders, elevated work platforms, or access roofs and structures. The transient nature of establishment work, with workers moving between multiple tasks and locations, can result in inadequate fall protection planning. Falls from height remain the leading cause of construction fatalities in Australia, emphasising the importance of managing fall risks even during temporary establishment activities. Beyond direct safety risks, site establishment has significant implications for environmental protection, community relations, and regulatory compliance. Inadequate erosion controls, noise from establishment activities, traffic disruption, and visual impact from hoarding all affect community perceptions and can result in complaints, regulatory intervention, and project delays. Proper site establishment managed through comprehensive SWMS demonstrates professionalism, protects workers and the public, ensures regulatory compliance, and creates the infrastructure necessary for successful project delivery.

Reinforce licensing, insurance, and regulator expectations for Site Establishment Safe Work Method Statement crews before they mobilise.

Hazard identification

Surface the critical risks tied to this work scope and communicate them to every worker.

Risk register

High

Site establishment often occurs in locations with active vehicle and pedestrian traffic including urban streets, operating car parks, functioning facilities, and adjacent to schools or public areas. Workers installing fencing, signage, and barriers must operate in proximity to moving traffic while handling materials, using tools, and positioning themselves in vulnerable locations near roadways. Vehicles approaching work areas may not anticipate workers' presence, particularly during initial establishment before full traffic controls are implemented. Workers reversing vehicles to deliver materials, positioning temporary facilities, or manoeuvring equipment create strike risks for other workers and the public. Inadequate segregation between work areas and active traffic lanes, insufficient warning signage, poor visibility due to weather or time of day, and driver inattention all contribute to vehicle strike risk. The dynamic nature of establishment with constantly changing site conditions and multiple activities occurring simultaneously increases complexity and risk. Vehicle strikes can result in catastrophic injuries including multiple fractures, internal injuries, head trauma, or fatalities. Pedestrian workers are particularly vulnerable, lacking the protection afforded by vehicle cabs or structures.

Consequence: Serious injuries or fatalities from vehicle strikes including crushing injuries, fractures, head trauma, and internal organ damage; potential for multiple casualty incidents affecting workers and public.

High

Temporary electrical installations during site establishment create multiple electrocution risks including working on energised systems, inadequate earth fault protection, damaged cables and connectors, water ingress to electrical equipment, and overloading of temporary supply systems. Licensed electricians performing installations may work on energised systems during connection to mains supply or existing facility power. Temporary cables are routed across ground surfaces, suspended overhead, or buried shallowly, exposing them to damage from vehicles, equipment, digging, and weather. Connectors and distribution boards may be inadequately weatherproofed creating water ingress pathways. The sequential nature of establishment means some electrical systems may be energised before all installations are complete, creating hazards for other trades working nearby. Inadequate residual current devices (RCDs), missing or damaged earth connections, use of non-compliant equipment, and modification of temporary systems by unqualified persons all create electrocution risk. Electric shock can cause immediate cardiac arrest, severe burns at contact points, secondary injuries from falls triggered by shock, and long-term neurological effects. Electrical incidents in wet conditions or where workers are in contact with conductive structures are particularly dangerous due to enhanced current pathways through the body.

Consequence: Electrocution resulting in cardiac arrest and death; severe electrical burns requiring extensive treatment; falls from height triggered by electric shock; long-term neurological damage; psychological trauma.

High

Installation of site hoarding, high-level signage, temporary lighting, and security fencing often requires work at height using ladders, elevated work platforms (EWPs), scaffolding, or access to roofs and structures. Workers may operate from ladders while securing hoarding panels, drilling fixings into walls, or installing overhead signage. Elevated work platforms are used for high-level installations but can present stability issues on uneven ground common during site establishment. Roof access may be required for installing site lighting, communications equipment, or surveying site conditions. The temporary nature of this work, combined with time pressures to complete establishment quickly, can result in inadequate fall protection planning and implementation. Ladders may be used inappropriately for tasks requiring more secure access, fall protection equipment may be omitted for 'quick' tasks, or workers may access roofs without edge protection. Unguarded roof edges, fragile roof materials, unstable ladder placements, and inadequate harness anchor points all create fall hazards. Falls from even relatively low heights (2-3 metres) can result in serious injuries including fractures, spinal damage, head injuries, and fatalities. Statistics indicate falls from height cause more construction fatalities than any other hazard type, emphasising the critical importance of fall protection even during temporary establishment activities.

Consequence: Death or permanent disability from falls; spinal injuries causing paralysis; traumatic brain injuries; multiple fractures requiring extended hospitalisation; long-term impacts on workers and families.

Medium

Site establishment involves numerous different activities occurring concurrently including fencing installation, electrical connections, plumbing works, facility positioning, signage installation, traffic management, and materials deliveries. Multiple contractors and subcontractors may be working simultaneously in overlapping areas with different hazards, work methods, and safety requirements. This creates coordination challenges including conflicting work sequences, shared access requirements, overhead and underground hazards from different trades, and communication difficulties between separate work groups. For example, excavation for electrical trenches may occur while fencing contractors drive posts nearby, or crane operations positioning temporary facilities may occur adjacent to electricians working on power connections. Inadequate coordination can result in workers being struck by equipment from another trade, energised systems being disturbed by unaware workers, excavations being entered without adequate shoring, or overhead loads being lifted above workers from other trades. The high activity level and time pressure during establishment can result in insufficient prestart coordination and hazard communication between groups. Interface incidents between different trades account for a significant proportion of construction injuries, particularly during mobilisation and demobilisation phases when multiple specialists operate in confined areas.

Consequence: Injuries from struck-by hazards, exposure to energised systems, falls into excavations, or being caught between equipment; incidents affecting workers from multiple trades simultaneously.

Medium

Site establishment requires extensive manual handling including lifting and positioning of fencing panels (typically 20-50kg each), hoarding sheets (15-40kg), temporary signage, traffic barriers and cones, electrical equipment, site furniture, and building materials. Workers must manoeuvre these items across uneven ground, lift panels into position, and secure them while working in awkward postures. Temporary buildings and containers require precise positioning using cranes or forklifts, but workers must guide loads, connect components, and secure facilities involving manual handling in close proximity to suspended loads. Unloading delivery trucks involves repetitive lifting and carrying as materials are distributed around site. The physical demands are compounded by time pressures to complete establishment quickly and by working on unprepared surfaces without level, stable footing. Fencing installation in particular creates cumulative strain through repetitive lifting of panels, post driving requiring overhead work, and maintaining awkward postures while securing panels. Poor manual handling technique, inadequate mechanical aids, and sustained physical work without adequate rest periods can result in acute back injuries, shoulder strains, knee damage, and chronic musculoskeletal disorders. Manual handling injuries account for approximately 40% of workers' compensation claims in construction, with site establishment activities contributing significantly to this total.

Consequence: Acute back injuries requiring time off work; shoulder, knee, and wrist injuries; chronic musculoskeletal disorders causing long-term disability; reduced workforce capacity and productivity.

Control measures

Deploy layered controls aligned to the hierarchy of hazard management.

Implementation guide

Engineering Controls

Engineering controls for traffic management create physical separation between vehicles and workers through barriers, delineation, temporary traffic signals, and designated pathways. A comprehensive traffic management plan designed by qualified personnel and approved by relevant authorities specifies all traffic control devices, layouts, staging, and operational procedures. Physical barriers including concrete barriers, water-filled barriers, and delineators create positive separation preventing vehicle encroachment into work zones. Traffic signals, if required, control vehicle flow allowing safe working periods.

Implementation

1. Engage qualified traffic management company to design site-specific traffic management plan complying with AS 1742.3 and relevant road authority requirements 2. Obtain all necessary approvals and permits for traffic management implementation including road occupancy permits and local authority consents 3. Install traffic control devices in accordance with approved plan before any work commences in proximity to active traffic 4. Deploy concrete or water-filled barriers creating positive separation between work zones and traffic lanes; plastic delineators alone are insufficient for high-risk areas 5. Position advance warning signs at specified distances providing adequate notice to approaching drivers (typically 50-200m depending on speed zone) 6. Provide certified traffic controllers at all points where workers or equipment enter active traffic lanes or where complex traffic movements occur 7. Establish clearly marked pedestrian pathways separated from both work areas and vehicle traffic using barriers and signage 8. Install temporary lighting for night work or low-light conditions ensuring work areas and traffic control devices are clearly visible to approaching drivers 9. Implement traffic management in stages as work progresses, modifying layouts to maintain separation as site establishment advances 10. Conduct daily inspections of all traffic control devices ensuring signs are clean and visible, barriers are undamaged and correctly positioned, and delineation is intact 11. Communicate traffic management arrangements to all workers during site inductions and daily prestart meetings 12. Coordinate with emergency services and local authorities regarding access requirements and emergency response procedures

Administrative Controls

Administrative controls mandate that all electrical work is performed by licensed electricians in accordance with AS/NZS 3000 wiring rules and AS/NZS 3012 temporary electrical installations standard. Comprehensive procedures specify installation requirements, testing and inspection protocols, and ongoing maintenance regimes ensuring electrical systems remain safe throughout site establishment and subsequent construction phases.

Implementation

1. Engage only licensed electrical contractors holding appropriate licenses for electrical installation work being performed 2. Require all temporary electrical installations comply with AS/NZS 3012 standard for construction and demolition sites 3. Mandate installation of residual current devices (RCDs) with maximum 30mA trip current on all power outlets and equipment 4. Require double-pole RCDs where single-phase equipment is supplied from three-phase source, providing protection against all fault conditions 5. Specify electrical equipment rated minimum IP44 (weatherproof) for outdoor installations exposed to weather 6. Implement cable protection requirements including overhead suspension at minimum 4m clearance, burial in trenches minimum 300mm deep with warning tape, or routing through protective conduit 7. Establish inspection and testing regime with initial commissioning tests, periodic inspections (monthly minimum), and testing after any damage or modification 8. Maintain electrical installation register documenting all temporary electrical infrastructure, test results, maintenance activities, and modifications 9. Prohibit electrical work by unlicensed persons; clearly communicate that only licensed electricians may modify or extend temporary electrical systems 10. Implement isolation and lock-out procedures for maintenance or modification of electrical installations 11. Provide adequate lighting for electrical work areas ensuring electricians can clearly see work being performed 12. Establish emergency response procedures for electrical incidents including isolation of supply, first aid for electric shock, and emergency services contact

Engineering Controls

Engineering controls eliminate or minimise fall hazards through selection of work methods that avoid height work where possible, and provision of collective fall protection systems including scaffolding, edge protection, and elevated work platforms where height work is unavoidable. These controls provide physical protection rather than relying solely on individual fall arrest systems.

Implementation

1. Prioritise ground-based installation methods where possible; for example, assemble hoarding panels on ground and lift into place rather than assembling at height 2. Deploy elevated work platforms (EWPs) in preference to ladders for work above 2 metres or requiring more than short-duration access 3. Ensure all EWPs operated by certified operators holding appropriate licenses; conduct pre-use inspections checking outrigger deployment, stability, and controls function 4. Install edge protection (guardrails, mid-rails, toe-boards) on all roofs, scaffolds, and platforms before work commences, providing collective protection 5. Erect scaffolding to AS/NZS 1576 standards with proper bracing, ties to structure, and full edge protection for any work requiring sustained access at height 6. Provide permanent or temporary anchor points engineered and certified for fall arrest where other protection cannot be implemented 7. Mandate fall arrest harnesses, lanyards, and connections to adequate anchor points where work above 2 metres cannot be eliminated and collective protection is not feasible 8. Implement permit system for all roof access requiring authorisation by supervisor, confirmation of edge protection or fall arrest systems, and buddy system 9. Ensure all fall protection equipment complies with Australian standards (AS/NZS 1891 series) and is inspected before each use 10. Provide training in fall protection equipment use, emergency rescue procedures, and hazard recognition for all workers potentially working at height 11. Establish rescue procedures for workers who fall and are suspended in harnesses; suspended worker must be rescued within 15 minutes to prevent suspension trauma 12. Prohibit use of ladders for work tasks; ladders only permitted for access or inspection not requiring tools or materials

Administrative Controls

Systematic coordination procedures ensure all contractors, subcontractors, and work groups understand the overall establishment sequence, their specific responsibilities, interface points with other trades, and hazards created by adjacent activities. These administrative controls rely on communication, planning, and supervision to manage complex multi-trade environments.

Implementation

1. Conduct daily coordination meetings with representatives from all contractors and trades scheduled to work each day 2. Develop detailed establishment programme showing sequence of activities, dependencies between trades, and expected durations 3. Assign specific work zones to each contractor minimising overlap and creating clear responsibility boundaries 4. Implement permit system for high-risk activities (electrical work, excavation, crane operations) requiring notification to all site personnel and verification of controls 5. Establish exclusion zones around high-risk activities using physical barriers and signage; prohibit entry except for authorised personnel 6. Require method statements from all subcontractors detailing work methods, hazards, controls, and interface points with other trades 7. Conduct site inductions for all workers covering overall site hazards, emergency procedures, and coordination requirements 8. Provide daily prestart meetings for all workers covering day's activities, specific hazards, work zones, and coordination requirements 9. Implement clear communication protocols including two-way radios for supervisors, mobile phone contacts, and emergency communication procedures 10. Assign coordination supervisor responsible for monitoring all activities, identifying interface issues, and resolving conflicts between trades 11. Establish clear escalation procedures for safety concerns allowing any worker to stop work if unsafe conditions identified 12. Document all coordination meetings, identified hazards, and resolution of issues providing record of safety management

Engineering Controls

Engineering solutions reduce manual handling demands through mechanical aids including forklifts, telehandlers, pallet jacks, trolleys, and lifting equipment. Where manual handling remains necessary, team lifting protocols and proper techniques minimise individual load and reduce injury risk.

Implementation

1. Provide forklift or telehandler for unloading and positioning heavy materials, temporary facilities, and equipment 2. Use crane or excavator with lifting attachments for positioning containers, site offices, and amenities buildings 3. Deploy pallet jacks and trolleys for moving materials across site eliminating carrying where possible 4. Provide panel lifting devices or vacuum lifters for handling hoarding and fencing panels reducing manual lifting 5. Utilise mechanical post drivers or hydraulic post hole diggers reducing manual digging and post driving effort 6. Implement two-person minimum teams for handling fencing panels, signs, and materials exceeding 20kg 7. Provide manual handling training covering proper lifting techniques, team lifting coordination, and when to seek mechanical assistance 8. Position material stockpiles and deliveries to minimise carrying distances and eliminate unnecessary double handling 9. Schedule adequate work crew sizes preventing individual overload; increase crew size rather than expecting sustained heavy manual work from small teams 10. Implement regular work rotation preventing individuals performing sustained manual handling for extended periods 11. Provide rest breaks allowing recovery between periods of heavy manual work; implement structured work-rest cycles in hot weather 12. Encourage workers to report manual handling difficulties and provide assistance or mechanical aids without criticism or time pressure

Personal Protective Equipment

PPE provides final layer of protection against residual risks across the diverse activities involved in site establishment. PPE selection must account for multiple hazards including impact injuries, cuts, traffic visibility, sun exposure, and noise, with different PPE requirements for different tasks within overall establishment scope.

Implementation

1. Provide hard hats rated to AS/NZS 1801 mandatory for all site workers at all times protecting against head impact from materials, equipment, and structures 2. Supply steel-capped safety boots rated to AS/NZS 2210.3 with slip-resistant soles for all workers; boots must provide ankle support and electrical hazard protection 3. Issue high-visibility vests or shirts rated to AS/NZS 4602.1 Day/Night class for all workers; upgrade to high-visibility rain jackets in wet weather 4. Provide safety glasses rated to AS/NZS 1336 for all workers; upgrade to sealed goggles for dusty conditions or when using grinders and power tools 5. Supply work gloves appropriate to tasks: general leather gloves for handling materials, electrical rated gloves for electricians, cut-resistant gloves for sharp materials 6. Issue hearing protection rated to AS/NZS 1270 when noise levels exceed 85dB(A) including during use of power tools, generators, and compressors 7. Provide sunscreen rated SPF 50+ and mandate application before outdoor work and reapplication every 2 hours; supply broad-brimmed hats in hot weather 8. Supply fall arrest harnesses rated to AS/NZS 1891 for workers accessing heights; harnesses must be fitted correctly and inspected before each use 9. Provide respiratory protection (P2 dust masks minimum) for dusty conditions during excavation, concrete cutting, or working in poorly ventilated spaces 10. Issue electrical rated gloves and insulated tools for electricians performing electrical work; ensure ratings appropriate for voltage levels 11. Establish PPE inspection and replacement programme ensuring damaged or worn PPE is withdrawn from service and replaced 12. Conduct PPE training ensuring all workers understand correct selection, fitting, use, maintenance, and limitations of provided PPE

Download complete control procedures

Personal protective equipment

Requirement: Mandatory for all persons on site at all times

When: Required continuously while on construction site during all establishment activities; must be worn even in areas where overhead hazards appear minimal due to changing conditions

Requirement: Mandatory for all site workers at all times

When: Required for all ground-based work including materials handling, equipment operation, facility installation, and general site activities; ankle support essential for uneven ground conditions common during establishment

Requirement: Mandatory for all workers particularly when near traffic or mobile plant

When: Required continuously during all site work; particularly critical when working near roadways, in areas with vehicle or plant movement, or in low-light conditions. Must be clean and highly visible

Requirement: Mandatory when using power tools, handling materials, or working in dusty conditions

When: Required when using grinders, drills, saws, or striking tools; when handling materials that could splinter or produce flying debris; when working in dusty or windy conditions; when working beneath others

Requirement: Mandatory when handling materials, tools, and equipment

When: General work gloves required for handling fencing, signage, tools, and materials; electrical rated gloves mandatory for electrical work; cut-resistant gloves for handling sharp materials; riggers gloves for load handling

Requirement: Mandatory when noise levels exceed 85dB(A) or during use of loud equipment

When: Required when using power tools, generators, compressors, jackhammers, or working near noisy equipment; during sustained exposure to cumulative noise from multiple sources; when noise prevents normal conversation

Requirement: Mandatory during all outdoor work in daylight hours

When: Sunscreen to be applied before commencing outdoor work and reapplied every 2 hours or after sweating; broad-brimmed hats required during breaks and when hard hat not mandatory; seek shade during breaks

Inspections & checks

Before work starts

✓Review all site establishment drawings, specifications, and permit requirements ensuring work scope is clearly defined
✓Conduct site inspection identifying existing services, access constraints, neighbouring properties, and environmental sensitivities
✓Verify all necessary approvals obtained including development consent, road occupancy permits, hoarding permits, and service connection approvals
✓Confirm traffic management plan approved by relevant road authority and all required signage and equipment available on site
✓Check weather forecast for conditions affecting establishment activities particularly electrical work, excavation, and concrete work
✓Verify all contractors and subcontractors scheduled for site establishment have current insurance, licenses, and qualifications
✓Inspect all temporary facilities (offices, amenities, storage) before delivery ensuring compliance with standards and adequate condition
✓Check temporary fencing, hoarding materials, and signage for defects, adequate quantities, and compliance with specifications
✓Verify all plant and equipment (forklifts, EWPs, excavators) scheduled for use have current certifications, inspections, and operator qualifications
✓Confirm emergency services contacted and aware of site establishment commencement including access requirements
✓Conduct site induction for all workers covering site-specific hazards, emergency procedures, and coordination requirements
✓Hold coordination meeting with all contractors covering work sequence, interface points, communication protocols, and safety responsibilities

During work

✓Monitor traffic management implementation ensuring all devices installed correctly and traffic flows safely before work commences
✓Inspect electrical installations progressively as work proceeds verifying compliance with standards and proper protection devices installed
✓Check fall protection systems in place before any height work commences including edge protection, harness systems, and EWP setup
✓Observe coordination between different trades ensuring adequate separation, communication, and awareness of adjacent activities
✓Monitor manual handling activities observing techniques, use of mechanical aids, and team lifting; correct poor practices immediately
✓Verify temporary facilities properly positioned, adequately supported, level, and secured before connecting services
✓Inspect fencing and hoarding installation checking posts are secure, panels properly fixed, gates functional, and no gaps or weak points
✓Check environmental controls being installed correctly including sediment fences, waste management, and spill prevention measures
✓Monitor weather conditions suspending electrical work or height work if conditions become unsafe (rain, high winds, lightning)
✓Verify safety signage being installed in correct locations with clear visibility and appropriate messaging for identified hazards
✓Observe worker fatigue levels during sustained manual work; enforce breaks and work rotation preventing overexertion
✓Conduct regular toolbox meetings discussing daily activities, specific hazards, and coordination requirements as work progresses

After work

✓Conduct comprehensive final inspection of all established infrastructure against establishment drawings and specifications
✓Test all electrical installations verifying RCD function, earth connections, and compliance with AS/NZS 3012; obtain electrical certification
✓Inspect traffic management installation confirming all devices correctly positioned, signs visible, and barriers adequately secured
✓Check all temporary facilities fully functional with services connected, amenities operational, and safety equipment installed
✓Verify perimeter fencing and hoarding secure with no breaches, gates properly functioning and locked, and no public access points
✓Inspect site access roads and hardstand areas for adequate construction, proper drainage, and load-bearing capacity
✓Confirm environmental controls installed and functional including erosion controls, wash-down facilities, and waste management areas
✓Verify all safety infrastructure in place including first aid facilities, fire extinguishers, emergency assembly areas, and evacuation signage
✓Test emergency communication systems ensuring mobile coverage or two-way radios functional from all site areas
✓Conduct commissioning inspections with principal certifying authority or client representatives as required by contract
✓Document all establishment work with photographs, completion certificates, test results, and as-built drawings where applicable
✓Hold handover meeting transferring site from establishment phase to construction operations; communicate ongoing maintenance requirements and responsibilities

Step-by-step work procedure

Give supervisors and crews a clear, auditable sequence for the task.

Field ready

Pre-establishment Planning and Approvals

Comprehensive planning forms the foundation for safe and efficient site establishment. Begin by reviewing all project documentation including development approvals, construction certificates, site plans, and specifications. Identify all consent conditions relating to establishment including hoarding requirements, traffic management, environmental controls, and noise restrictions. Conduct detailed site inspection walking entire perimeter and internal areas observing existing conditions, constraints, neighbouring properties, overhead powerlines, and underground service locations. Photograph site conditions providing baseline documentation. Engage relevant authorities including local council, road authority, utility companies, and environmental regulators obtaining necessary permits and approvals. Prepare detailed site establishment plan showing locations of all temporary works including fencing, facilities, services, access points, and material storage areas. Develop traffic management plan by qualified traffic management company ensuring compliance with AS 1742.3 and obtaining road authority approval. Establish construction environmental management plan addressing erosion control, waste management, noise, and dust. Engage all required contractors and subcontractors confirming availability, qualifications, insurance, and understanding of scope. Schedule delivery of materials and facilities coordinating timing to minimise site congestion. Hold pre-establishment meeting with all contractors covering sequence of works, coordination requirements, and safety responsibilities. Communicate establishment schedule to neighbours and nearby businesses minimising disruption and managing expectations.

Safety considerations

Thorough planning identifies hazards before workers are exposed allowing controls to be implemented from commencement. Obtaining all approvals prevents regulatory intervention that can halt work creating additional hazards. Coordinate with authorities ensuring emergency services can access site and underground services are accurately located.

Traffic Management Implementation

Implement approved traffic management plan before any other site establishment activities commence in areas exposed to traffic. Install advance warning signs at specified distances approaching work area (typically 50-200m depending on speed zone and sight distance). Deploy temporary traffic signals or stop/slow bat controllers where work affects traffic flow or workers must enter traffic lanes. Position water-filled or concrete barriers creating positive separation between work zone and active traffic lanes; plastic delineators alone provide insufficient protection for workers. Establish clearly marked pedestrian pathways separated from both work areas and vehicle traffic using dedicated barriers and signage. Install temporary fencing preventing public access to work areas. Provide certified traffic controllers at all points where complex traffic movements occur or workers must enter active roadways. Ensure all workers wear high-visibility clothing meeting Day/Night standard. Install temporary lighting if work extends into low-light periods ensuring traffic control devices and workers are clearly visible to approaching drivers. Conduct safety briefing with all workers covering traffic management arrangements, prohibited areas, pedestrian pathways, and emergency procedures. Modify traffic management progressively as establishment work advances maintaining separation between workers and traffic at all times. Conduct daily inspections of traffic management devices checking signs remain clean and visible, barriers are secure and correctly positioned, and delineation is intact. Document traffic management implementation with photographs and inspection records. Communicate arrangements to emergency services ensuring they understand site access and traffic control locations.

Safety considerations

Traffic management must be fully implemented before workers enter areas exposed to vehicles. Certified traffic controllers are essential for complex movements; general workers cannot perform traffic control. Barriers must provide positive protection not just visual delineation. Regular inspection maintains effectiveness as devices are damaged or displaced by wind or vehicles.

Temporary Fencing and Hoarding Installation

Install perimeter fencing or hoarding around site boundaries creating security and preventing public access. Selection between temporary fencing (typically chain-mesh panels) or hoarding (solid panels) depends on authority requirements, site security needs, and visual impact considerations. Commence installation at property boundaries establishing clear site perimeter. For temporary fencing, drive or auger fence posts to adequate depth (typically 300-500mm) at intervals matching panel lengths (usually 2.4m or 3.5m). Install feet or stabilising bases where ground conditions prevent adequate post depth. Position panels connecting to posts with integral couplers or wire ties ensuring secure attachment. Brace corners and gates with additional posts or angled bracing preventing racking and failure. For hoarding installation, establish hoarding line ensuring clearance from underground services. Excavate or drill post holes to engineered depth (typically 600-900mm depending on hoarding height). Install timber or steel posts ensuring vertical alignment and adequate concrete embedment. Attach hoarding panels (plywood, villaboard, or steel sheets) to posts using appropriate fixings at specified centres. Install horizontal rails between posts for hoarding exceeding 1.8m height providing intermediate panel support. Brace hoarding at regular intervals (typically every 10-15m) and at corners with angled struts preventing wind damage. Install vehicular and pedestrian gates at designated access points with appropriate locks, hinges, and signage. Ensure gates open inwards to site and do not obstruct public footpaths. Install required signage on fencing including site identification, contact details, emergency information, and safety warnings. Inspect completed fencing checking posts are secure, panels properly attached with no gaps, gates functional, and entire perimeter provides continuous barrier.

Safety considerations

Workers installing fencing may operate from ladders or EWPs when attaching hoarding panels requiring fall protection. Panels can act as sails in windy conditions; cease installation if winds make control difficult. Posts must be adequately embedded preventing collapse that could injure workers or public. Traffic management essential when installing fencing adjacent to roadways.

Site Access and Hardstand Construction

Construct site access roads, crossovers, and hardstand areas providing all-weather access for vehicles, mobile plant, and materials deliveries. Design access routes accounting for anticipated loads including fully laden concrete trucks, cranes, and delivery vehicles. Typical construction sequence involves vegetation removal, stripping topsoil to 150-300mm depth, installation of geotextile fabric preventing subgrade contamination, placement of crushed rock or recycled materials in compacted layers, and grading to promote drainage away from access routes. Where access crosses existing kerbs or footpaths, construct formal crossovers with appropriate permits and authority approvals. Install wheel-wash systems at site exits where required by environmental approvals typically comprising wash bay with high-pressure hoses, rumble grids removing mud from tyres, and sediment control preventing wash-water discharge to street. Construct hardstand areas for material storage, plant parking, and temporary facilities positioning on stable, well-drained locations. Ensure hardstand extends beyond parked vehicles and stored materials preventing soft ground erosion. Install adequate drainage including culverts, cross-drains, or perimeter drains preventing water ponding on access routes. Compact all fill layers to minimum 95% Standard Proctor density ensuring load-bearing capacity. Grade access routes and hardstand areas with minimum 2% cross-fall promoting drainage. Where access routes cross sensitive areas install additional protection including extra geotextile layers, larger aggregate sizes, or temporary matting systems. Mark access routes and parking areas with signage and line marking directing traffic flow and preventing congestion. Install lighting along main access routes for security and safe vehicle movement in low-light conditions. Conduct load testing or proof rolling with heavy vehicles verifying adequate capacity before permitting general site traffic.

Safety considerations

Construction plant operating during access construction creates struck-by hazards requiring exclusion zones and banksmen. Excavation for drainage may encounter underground services requiring careful hand investigation. Compaction equipment creates noise requiring hearing protection and vibration exposure requiring work rotation. Ensure adequate drainage preventing water accumulation that creates slip hazards and vehicle bogging.

Temporary Services Installation

Install temporary electrical power, water supply, communications, and lighting providing services necessary for construction operations. For electrical power, engage licensed electrical contractor to design and install temporary distribution system complying with AS/NZS 3012. Typical installation involves connection to mains supply at meter box or dedicated construction supply point, installation of main distribution board with circuit breakers and RCDs, routing of temporary cables to work areas and facilities, and installation of outlet boards (spider boxes) providing multiple protected outlets. All temporary electrical equipment must be rated minimum IP44 weatherproof and protected by RCDs with maximum 30mA trip current. Cables must be overhead suspended at minimum 4m clearance, buried in trenches minimum 300mm deep with warning tape, or routed through protective conduit. Electrical installations must be tested and certified by electrician before energisation. For water supply, connect to mains water at designated connection point installing backflow prevention device complying with AS/NZS 3500. Route water lines to facilities, wash areas, and work locations using approved materials rated for expected pressures. Install isolation valves at key locations allowing sections to be shut down for maintenance. Provide adequate hose connections throughout site for dust suppression, concrete work, and washdown activities. For communications, establish internet connection via fibre, ADSL, or mobile broadband depending on site location. Install telephone system for office facilities. Provide adequate mobile phone coverage or two-way radio communications for site operations. Install temporary lighting for security, safe access, and night work if required. Position light towers or install overhead lighting ensuring adequate illumination without creating nuisance to neighbours. Connect all services to facilities and test before declaring operational.

Safety considerations

All electrical work must be performed by licensed electricians; unlicensed work creates electrocution risks and regulatory breaches. Electrical installations must be energised in controlled manner with testing before general use. Water systems require backflow prevention protecting public water supply. Excavation for services must be carefully located avoiding underground services. Workers must be isolated from energised work areas during installation and testing.

Temporary Facilities Setup

Position and commission site offices, amenities buildings, storage containers, first aid facilities, and lunchrooms providing necessary infrastructure for site workforce. Begin by preparing foundation areas ensuring level, stable surfaces capable of supporting building loads. Typical preparation involves excavating to firm ground, installing 100mm crushed rock base, compacting adequately, and placing timber bearers or concrete pads providing level, stable support. Use survey equipment ensuring facilities are level preventing water pooling and door/window operation issues. Coordinate delivery of facilities using crane truck or hiab allowing precise positioning. Buildings typically arrive as complete units or in sections requiring connection on site. Position facilities according to establishment plan maintaining adequate separation distances, providing accessibility, and ensuring efficient workflow. Office facilities should be positioned with good visibility over site allowing supervision. Amenities should be centrally located with all-weather access. Storage containers should be accessible to delivery vehicles while not obstructing construction operations. Connect facilities to electrical power, water, and communications services. Install sewer connections to amenities buildings or commission septic systems where reticulated sewer unavailable. Fit-out facilities with necessary furniture, equipment, safety supplies, and utilities. Install first aid facilities in readily accessible locations stocked with appropriate supplies. Establish drinking water supply separate from general site water ensuring availability of potable water for workforce. Install heating and cooling systems appropriate to climate conditions. Commission all facilities conducting functional testing of services, safety equipment, and structural adequacy. Obtain any required certifications or approvals for temporary buildings. Secure facilities with appropriate locks and install security measures protecting equipment and documents. Install steps, ramps, and safe access to all facilities.

Safety considerations

Crane operations positioning facilities create struck-by and crushing hazards requiring exclusion zones and trained banksmen. Facilities must be level and adequately supported preventing movement or collapse. Electrical connections must be by licensed electricians with appropriate protection. Access to facilities must not require working at height or crossing hazards. First aid facilities must be clearly marked and readily accessible.

Safety Infrastructure Installation

Install comprehensive safety infrastructure including signage, first aid stations, emergency assembly areas, fire protection equipment, emergency evacuation routes, and spill response equipment. Commence by installing primary site safety signage at main entrance including site identification, emergency contact numbers, assembly area location, first aid officer details, and key safety requirements (PPE, speed limits, permits). Install regulatory signage required by authorities including construction zone signs, asbestos signage if applicable, and confined space warnings. Position emergency assembly area in safe location away from buildings, hazardous areas, and vehicle traffic. Mark assembly area clearly with highly visible signage and line marking. Ensure assembly area has hard standing suitable for all-weather use and adequate capacity for maximum site workforce. Install first aid station in central, accessible location clearly marked with compliant signage. Stock station with first aid supplies appropriate to workforce size and site hazards. Identify first aid officers and communicate their locations and contact details. Install fire extinguishers at strategic locations including offices, amenities, workshops, storage areas, and high-risk locations (welding areas, fuel storage). Ensure extinguishers are appropriate types for expected fire risks, correctly mounted at accessible heights, and have current inspection tags. Establish clear evacuation routes from all areas of site to assembly areas marked with directional signage. Install emergency lighting on evacuation routes for sites operating after dark. Position spill kits at locations where chemicals, fuels, or oils are stored or used. Ensure kits contain appropriate absorbents, PPE, and disposal bags. Install eyewash stations where chemicals are used or corrosive materials handled. Install safety showers if required by hazardous materials handling. Commission all safety equipment testing function and training relevant personnel in use.

Safety considerations

Safety infrastructure must be installed before construction activities commence providing immediate protection. Signage must be clearly visible and maintained throughout project. Emergency equipment must be regularly inspected ensuring readiness. All workers must be aware of emergency assembly areas and evacuation procedures through site inductions and regular communication.

Environmental Controls Implementation

Implement environmental protection measures including erosion and sediment controls, waste management facilities, hazardous materials storage areas, refueling zones, and washdown facilities as specified in construction environmental management plan (CEMP). Install sediment fencing around site perimeter and at strategic locations preventing sediment discharge to waterways or stormwater systems (refer to Sediment Fencing SWMS for detailed procedures). Establish waste management area with separate bins for general waste, recycling, metal, timber, concrete, and hazardous waste. Ensure bins are covered preventing rain infiltration and wind-blown litter. Contract licensed waste removal operators for regular collection. Install concrete washout facility preventing contaminated water discharge; typically comprises bunded area or designated concrete washout bin. Establish vehicle wash-down area with sediment capture and water treatment or containment preventing discharge. Designate refueling area on hard stand with spill containment, spill kits, and fire extinguishers. Establish hazardous materials storage area with bunded containment, weather protection, appropriate signage, and secure access. Store incompatible materials separately. Install erosion controls on exposed areas, access tracks, and stockpiles using techniques appropriate to site conditions including mulching, matting, or vegetation. Establish dust suppression programme including water carts, sprinkler systems on stockpiles, or chemical stabilisation. Implement noise monitoring and control measures if site adjoins sensitive receivers. Install perimeter water quality monitoring if required by approvals. Establish environmental inspection regime with regular monitoring of control effectiveness, maintenance requirements, and compliance with CEMP. Document all environmental measures and maintain records demonstrating ongoing compliance with approvals and regulations.

Safety considerations

Environmental controls protect both environment and worker health. Sediment controls prevent slip hazards and protect water quality. Waste segregation allows proper disposal including hazardous materials requiring special handling. Bunding prevents spills spreading creating contamination and slip hazards. Dust suppression protects respiratory health. Environmental inspections should identify and address issues before they create safety or regulatory problems.

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Frequently asked questions

Who can perform electrical work during site establishment?

All electrical work during site establishment must be performed by licensed electricians holding appropriate electrical worker licenses issued under relevant state or territory regulations. In most Australian jurisdictions, this requires an electrical contractor license and individual electrician licenses for persons performing the work. Temporary electrical installations must comply with AS/NZS 3012 standard for electrical installations on construction and demolition sites. Licensed electricians must design temporary electrical systems, perform all installations, conduct required testing, and issue compliance certificates before systems are energised. Unlicensed persons cannot perform any electrical installation work including running cables, installing outlets, connecting equipment to distribution boards, or modifying existing temporary electrical systems. Penalties for unlicensed electrical work are severe and include significant fines for both individuals and companies, and potential prosecution if incidents occur. Additionally, insurance may be void if electrical work is performed by unlicensed persons and incidents result. Site supervisors must ensure all electrical contractors provide evidence of current licenses before commencing work and must prohibit any unlicensed electrical work on site.

What approvals are typically required before commencing site establishment?

Approvals required for site establishment vary depending on site location, project type, and scope of establishment works, but commonly include: Development consent or construction certificate from local council or private certifier authorising construction to proceed; Road Occupancy Permit from relevant road authority for any work affecting public roads, footpaths, or kerbs including hoarding installation, access crossovers, or traffic management; Hoarding Permit from local council for installation of temporary fencing or hoarding on footpaths or council land; Section 138 approval (NSW) or equivalent in other states for works within road reserve including service connections, crossovers, and stormwater connections; Utility connection approvals from electricity, water, gas, and telecommunications providers for temporary service connections; Environmental Protection License or exemption for activities such as dewatering, chemical storage, or waste management depending on state regulations; Work Permits for work in sensitive areas including near schools, hospitals, or heritage sites; Asbestos Removal License if any asbestos removal is required before establishment; Tree Removal Permits if site establishment requires removal of protected trees; and various WorkSafe or regulatory authority notifications depending on project hazards. Commencing establishment works before obtaining necessary approvals can result in stop-work orders, fines, project delays, and potential prosecution. A comprehensive approval register should be maintained documenting all required approvals, their status, conditions, and compliance requirements.

How should multiple contractors be coordinated during site establishment?

Effective coordination of multiple contractors during site establishment requires systematic communication, planning, and supervision. Best practice coordination methods include: Hold pre-establishment coordination meeting with all contractors covering overall schedule, work sequences, dependencies between trades, site access arrangements, and safety responsibilities; Develop detailed establishment programme showing each contractor's activities, timing, duration, and interface points with other trades; Assign specific work zones to contractors minimising overlap and creating clear responsibility boundaries; Implement daily coordination meetings (toolbox talks) attended by representatives from all contractors working that day covering day's activities, hazards, and coordination requirements; Establish clear communication protocols including radio channels, phone contacts, and emergency communication procedures; Appoint site coordinator or establishment supervisor responsible for monitoring all activities and resolving interface issues between contractors; Implement permit system for high-risk activities (electrical work, excavation, crane operations, work at height) requiring notification to all site personnel and verification of controls before commencing; Require method statements from each contractor detailing work methods, plant and equipment to be used, hazards, and controls; Establish exclusion zones around high-risk activities using physical barriers preventing access by other contractors; Implement clear escalation procedures allowing any worker to stop work if unsafe conditions identified; and Maintain coordination log documenting meetings, issues identified, and resolutions. Effective coordination prevents interface incidents, ensures efficient sequencing of activities, and maintains safe working environment despite multiple concurrent activities.

What are the key requirements for temporary electrical installations on construction sites?

Temporary electrical installations on construction sites must comply with AS/NZS 3012 'Electrical installations - Construction and demolition sites' which specifies comprehensive requirements including: All work must be performed by licensed electrical contractors and electricians; Residual current devices (RCDs) with maximum 30mA trip current must protect all socket outlets and portable equipment; RCDs must be double-pole type where single-phase equipment supplied from three-phase source; All electrical equipment must be rated minimum IP44 (weatherproof) for outdoor use; Cables must be protected from mechanical damage through overhead suspension (minimum 4m clearance), burial (minimum 300mm depth with marker tape), or routing through conduit; Distribution boards must be weatherproof, lockable, and clearly labeled; All installations must be tested before energisation and periodically retested (monthly minimum); Earth fault loop impedance must be tested and documented; Insulation resistance must meet specified minimum values; All temporary electrical infrastructure must be documented in electrical register showing circuits, protection devices, and testing records; Damaged cables and equipment must be immediately withdrawn from service and replaced; Regular inspections must verify continued compliance and identify damage or deterioration; and Compliance certification must be issued by licensed electrician before installation is energised. These requirements protect workers from electrocution which can cause immediate fatality, severe burns, or secondary injuries from falls triggered by electric shock. Site managers must ensure temporary electrical installations meet all standard requirements and maintenance requirements are followed throughout construction period.

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After ControlsLow

Key Controls

• Pre-start briefing covering hazards
• PPE: hard hats, eye protection, gloves
• Emergency plan communicated to crew

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Site Establishment Safe Work Method Statement

What this SWMS covers

Why this SWMS matters

Hazard identification

Control measures

Personal protective equipment

Inspections & checks

Before work starts

During work

After work

Step-by-step work procedure

Pre-establishment Planning and Approvals

Traffic Management Implementation

Temporary Fencing and Hoarding Installation

Site Access and Hardstand Construction

Temporary Services Installation

Temporary Facilities Setup

Safety Infrastructure Installation

Environmental Controls Implementation

Frequently asked questions

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